本文考察了精神分析的經典文本知識在傳播過程中的理性化現象。圍繞著這種知識的作者、譯者、受眾和社會歷史背景所共同構成的場域,本文力圖發掘弗洛伊德的德文原著在被翻譯成英文并且冠名為"標準版"的過程中所發生的與精神分析實踐相關的系統理性化過程。本文發現,在弗洛伊德標準版英文譯文集之中出現的翻譯問題,不能僅僅從譯者的學術主張來解釋,而是要將其與精神分析的傳播發展共同放置在相應的歷史社會背景中去理解。在這個理性化過程中,在弗洛伊德原著中所關心的靈魂問題變成了科學式心理問題。對于這一現代知識現象的討論有助于我們理解現代社會科學的內在理路及其困境。

From the perspective of the sociology of knowledge,this paper analyzes the rationalization of classical psychoanalytic text knowledge during its diffusion. Working on a sphere of knowledge constituted by the author,translator,readers and the socialhistorical context,this paper tries to map out the process of a systematic rationalization represented by the translation of Sigmund Freud’s works from German into English.This paper finds out that the problem of this translation cannot be explained merely by the translator’s views,but should consider the socio-historical background. Within this process of rationalization,the problem of the soul,which occupies the center of Freud’s writings,becomes a scientific psychological issue. As a modern phenomenon of knowledge,this transformation can help us understand modern social science and its internal dilemma.