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題名:Teaching the Art of Directing: Russian Ways
書刊名:戲劇藝術
作者:尼古拉.佩索欽斯基
出版日期:2018
卷期:2018(5)
頁次:49-60
主題關鍵詞:戲劇教育導演藝術俄羅斯戲劇斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基梅耶荷德訓練法行動分析法Theatre educationThe art of directingRussian theatreStanislavskyMeyerholdMethod of étudesMethod of action analysis
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俄羅斯戲劇導演學位教育自1925以來不斷發展。本文論述了圣彼得堡專業戲劇學院關于這一課程的安排和方法論基礎。大部分導演工作室的主任教師都依賴于自己對不同部分和時期的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基方法不斷地更新詮釋:"動作分析"、"訓練技巧"、"身體動作",并將其與被梅耶荷德所闡釋的結構性作品結合起來。戲劇流派的發展趨勢或許可以分為古典的(具有現實主義的再現傾向)、非古典的(開放式劇場、隱喻、形而上的藝術),后-非古典主義的(后戲劇劇場,沉浸式戲劇,特定場地項目、行為表演),每種趨勢都有特定的教學哲學和方法論。盡管存在許多差異,但任何導演課程的教學邏輯都是培養運用戲劇語言進行創作的能力,學習從文學語言到舞臺語言的翻譯,達到各個創作層面的完整性,運用空間、結構以及節奏作為指揮的手段。五年的導演課程開始于各種創造作品素材和資源的練習;下一個階段,學生運用非戲劇的材料工作,把它們從零級別開始創作成各個級別的戲劇行動;接下來,到上演戲劇場景時,他們必須通過運用戲劇元素來創作戲劇動作結構,拒絕圖解文學和對真實生活的模仿。本文包括了對三位持有不同藝術觀念的杰出導演——米哈伊爾·伊萊恩、阿納托利·普勞丁、安德烈·莫古奇——關于他們各自教學方法的訪談。
Academic degree education of theatre directors in Russia has continuously developed since1925. This paper discusses the arrangement and basic methodology of this program at contemporary professional theatre school in St. Petersburg. Headmaster teachers at most directing studios rely on their own updated interpretation of various parts and periods of the Stanislavsky Method: "action analysis","étude techniques",and"physical action"; then combine it with structural composition of production as expanded upon by Meyerhold. Trends in theatre school may be divided as classical( with tendency towards realistic representation),non-classical( openly theatrical,metaphorical,metaphysical art),and post-nonclassical( post-dramatic theatre, immersive theatre, site-specific projects, performative practices). Each trend has a specific philosophy and methodology of teaching. Despite many differences,the fundamentals of education in any directing class are training the ability to compose with the use of the language of theatre; translating from the language of literature to the language of stage; reaching integrity on many levels of composition; and to using space,structure and rhythm as means of directing. The fiveyear-long class of directing starts with exercises and études that create material and sources of production.In the next stage,students work with non-dramatic material with a goal of creating all levels of theatrical action from level zero. Later,when staging dramatic scenes,they create theatrical action structure and reject both the illustration of literature and the imitation of authentic life through composing theatrical equivalents. This paper includes interviews with presentations of teaching methods by three prominent directors with different artistic mentalities: Mikhail Ilyin,Anatoly Praudin,and Andrei Moguchy.
 
 
 
 
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