There are many structural contradictions in the construction of public libraries in the poor counties in Western China,which are affected by natural,social and financial security mechanism. For example,their basic indicators of infrastructure, service capacity and financial investment lag behind the national average; the financial funding structures of human resources,library collections and services are extremely unreasonable;and the equal access to basic public service is under intense cost pressure. Fiscal transfer payments,the most important financial tool and policy approach for balancing regional financial capacity and promoting the equalization of basic public service,should be better to play its security function. It is a realistic choice to promote the public library strategy in the western poverty-stricken areas by creating a new financial security mechanism on the calculation basis of"object factor",which is oriented by the equalization to public basic service and uses the financial transfer payment as a way.