In the late 1930s, the Yunnan provincial government began to implement the province-wide Bao Jia system, with a combination of autonomy. In Yunnan province, the most powerful local chieftain located at the junction of Burma and Yunnan. The government was attempting to reorganize the administrative divisions of the local chieftain in a modern and unified system of districts, townships, Bao Jia, and break the traditional organizational structure so as to truly realize and even strengthen its control over the grass-roots society in the border areas. The local chieftain with strong vitality was still in its old form, and despite the impact of administrative power, its organizational building did not collapse. The local chieftain were nominally the head of the districts under the jurisdiction of the bureau, but the power of the Tusiwere still very strong. The Bao Jia under the jurisdiction of the bureau, the actual impact was very limited, autonomy was exist in name only. In short, there was still a huge gap between the actual situation and the implementation, but the local power of social resources to absorb capacity has been increasing. Correspondingly, the power of the local chieftain gradually shrank, and the grass-roots society had already felt strongly the influence of the government. With the implementation of the Bao Jia System, the thesis tries to show the complex scenes of interaction between the local government and thelocal chieftain.