伴隨中國流動人口的日益增多,由于父母外出務工而導致的留守兒童規模不斷擴大,城鄉留守兒童的健康與教育水平受到一定程度的影響。文章運用中國營養與健康調查(CHNS)1997~2011年六輪家庭數據,研究了父母外出務工對留守兒童健康和受教育情況的影響,并進一步分析了該影響的城鄉差異。為解決內生性問題,文章運用工具變量法構建了內生處理效應模型。主要結論為:父母外出務工對留守兒童的受教育情況造成顯著負面影響,尤以農村兒童突出;對兒童身高產生顯著負面影響,尤以城市兒童突出;對兒童體重產生顯著改善作用,超重減少,尤以農村兒童突出;對兒童過去四周內的患病沒有顯著影響;這些影響也因兒童年齡群體的不同而有所差異。

Using the six waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey data 1997-2011,this paper explores the impacts of parental migration for work on the health and education of their children left behind.The endogenous treatment effect model is employed to address the selection bias.The paper finds that parental migration for work significantly decreases the education level of their children,especially for rural children.It also decreases their children’s heights but reduces the probability of children being overweight.The former effect is more significant for the urban children and the latter one has greater impact on the rural children.However,parental migration has no significant effect on whether or not children have diseases in the past four weeks.These effects are different for children at different ages.