依據面向困境家庭兒童健康狀況的全國性抽樣調查數據,探討由于"困境"環境因素造成的兒童健康狀況差異及其相對貢獻,使用Shapley值分解方法,分析困境家庭兒童健康發展中的薄弱環節與重點領域。研究發現:困境家庭兒童生長遲緩率高于普通家庭;失眠、孤獨感的比例達到正常家庭兒童的3倍多;更易遭受傷害和遭遇校園欺凌,且服刑家庭兒童發生傷害的比例最高。家庭生態環境因素對不同類別兒童的健康影響表現出異質性:家庭關系是影響困境家庭兒童各類健康最重要的因素,特別是對其心理健康與認知水平的影響貢獻最高;監護人素質與家庭經濟環境對普通家庭兒童健康影響的貢獻高于困境家庭;監護人的健康狀況對普通家庭兒童自評健康的貢獻最大。

Based on the data of national sampling survey on health status of children from distressed families in China, this study explores the differences in child health caused by distressed environmental factors and its relative contribution. The article uses the Shapley value decomposition method to analyze the vulnerabilities and key areas of healthy development of distressed family children. The results suggest that the growth retardation rate and the proportion of insomnia and loneliness of children is higher in distressed families than in ordinary families; children in distressed families are more vulnerable to injury and bullying in school, and the children in incarcerated families are the most likely to be hurt. Family relationship is the most important factor affecting health of children in distressed families. The influence of guardian quality and family economic environment on the health of children in ordinary families is higher than that in distressed families, and the health status of guardians has the greatest contribution to the self-rated health of children in ordinary families.