依據空間結構理論,空間結構包括空間形式和功能聯系兩方面特征。但傳統城市空間結構研究多關注要素的空間分布形式,缺少對功能聯系特征的分析。本研究以上海中心城區為例,使用手機信令數據從中提取街道之間的就業-居住功能聯系和游憩-居住功能聯系,借鑒社會網絡分析方法,從單位面積吸引量、聯系緊密程度兩方面分析空間結構的功能聯系特征。研究發現,從功能聯系來看,上海中心城區呈"單中心+扇形"結構,中心地區對就業、游憩活動的吸引力遠大于外圍地區,外圍地區居民沿與放射地鐵線網耦合的若干扇面與中心地區產生緊密的聯系。行政區劃、黃浦江和蘇州河會通過對居民活動范圍的限制影響扇形結構邊界。這與"多中心+內環、中環、外環3個圈層"的空間結構傳統認識和圈層式的社會空間結構有較大差異。說明表象的圈層結構下,就業和游憩活動都受中心地區強烈吸引,不同社會經濟屬性的居民雖然居住分布存在圈層分異,但就業-居住和游憩-居住活動相互交錯,不存在空間隔閡。基于功能聯系,補充空間結構理論中既已提出,但還難以實證的內容,希望能有助于深化對城市空間結構的理解。

According to the theory of spatial structure, spatial structure consists of spatial pattern and functional linkage. However, traditional spatial structure studies focus more on the spatial pattern of city elements than their functional linkages. Based on the jobs-housing and recreation-housing relationship obtained from mobile phone singling data in Shanghai Central City, this paper analyzes the characters of functional linkage using social network analysis method from the two aspects of attraction per unit area and closeness of functional relationship. It is found that from the perspective of functional linkage, Shanghai Central City has a "mono-centric and sector structure". The attraction in the central area for jobs and recreational activities is stronger than that in the periphery areas. Residents living in the periphery areas are closely connected with the central area by several sectors that coupled with radiating subway lines. Administrative division, Huangpu River, and Suzhou River affect the boundary of sector structure due to restricting the scope of residents’ activities. This structure has much difference with the traditional understanding of "multi-centric and the three-ring structure of inner-ring, middle-ring, and outer-ring" and the ring form social spatial structure. It can be concluded that under the appearance of ring structure, employment and recreation activities are strongly attracted by the central area. Residents of different socio-economic strata in different ring structures, but their living, working, and recreation are actually interrelated without any special separation. Based on functional linkage, this paper supplements some contents proposed in the theory of urban spatial structure but not verified yet. Therefore, this study may help understand spatial structure by analyzing the functional linkage.