As an important neighbor of China, India is a factor of critical significance for China’s successful pursuit of its Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) in South Asia. However, India’s attitudes toward the BRI are complicated, as it currently remains one of the few countries along the Belt and Road that have not joined the BRI officially. Although the Indian government voiced its opposition to the initiative generally, it has joined the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank as one of the founding members, and is actively engaged in infrastructure projects related to the BRI. India’s academia basically sides with the Indian government, while accommodating diversified opinions. Enterprises and local governments take more flexible stands and aspire to participate in economic cooperation with China. The civil society, susceptible to the influence of political opinions of different political parties, tends to sway from one side to another. India’s complexity in its attitudes toward the BRI has resulted from its historical grievances with China and realistic considerations. China needs to make further efforts in multiple areas to gain India’s support and participation in the BRI, as well as to enhance and improve bilateral relations.