張載作為北宋理學的共同創建者、關學宗師,建構了一套涵蓋天論、道論、性論、心論等多方面內容的哲學體系,其中包含了豐富的心學(1)思想。應當指出,張載的心學有其獨特性,與后來陸象山、王陽明以"心"為本體的心學有所不同。時下張載心學研究論域存在以下不足:對"心-物"關系這一張載心學的基本問題缺乏自覺,對張載"心-物"關系形態只知其一不知其二,對其"心-物"關系的理論基礎也有所忽略。有鑒于此,有必要以張載的三個心性論命題作為觀照的視域,以張載心學的基本問題作為探究的主線,從三個方面為張載心學建構綱要并加以闡釋:一、心性論的三個命題;二、"心-物"關系的形態劃分;三、"心-物"關系的理論基礎。最后,還將對張載心學的哲學特性、歷史影響和現代意義略作總結。

The philosophical system of Zhang Zai includes rich thinking concerning the mind,which differs from that of Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming. Given the paucity of scholarly interest in Zhang Zai’s theory of mind,this paper will,of necessity,take Zhang Zai’s three mental propositions as its horizon of observation,taking the basic problems of his thought as the main line,constructing an outline from three particular aspects,and explaining them: first,it will explore the three propositions of his theory of mind; second,the morphological division of the relationship between "mind"and "thing"; and third,the theoretical basis of this relationship.Finally,the philosophical characteristics,historical influence,and modern significance of Zhang Zai’s theory of mind will be summarized.