由于現代性意識形態的遮蔽,辯證法幾乎完全被當作"形式方法"來理解了,但辯證法本身恰恰要求超出并克服這種抽象普遍性的外在反思。黑格爾的辯證法在本體論上意味著:事物自身的活動。這個自我活動者乃是作為實體-主體的絕對者。而當絕對觀念論的思辨辯證法陷于瓦解之際,馬克思經由一個本體論革命而拯救了辯證法,使之重新建基于"實在主體"之上,而這個自我活動的實在主體乃是"既定社會"。因此,馬克思的辯證法實際地生存于探究既定社會的"歷史科學"中。這種辯證法也把如下的思想任務托付給當今的哲學社會科學:積極地開展出對既定社會的研究,深入地探索既定社會之自我活動的實體性內容,從而把握其實存中的本質和展開過程中的必然性。

Due to the obscurity of the ideology of modernity dialectics has been understood almost universally as a"formal method,"but dialectics itself requires precisely an external reflection that goes beyond and overcomes this abstract universalism. Hegelian dialectics in ontology means the activity of the thing itself; this self-activator is the Absolute as substance-subject. Upon the collapse of the dialectics of absolute idealism,Marx rescued dialectics via an ontological revolution and rebuilt it on the basis of "the real subject"society. Thus,practically speaking,Marx ’s dialectics lives on in the "historical science"of inquiry into a given society.Dialectics also commands today ’s philosophy,tasking it with exploring the substantial content of the self-activity of a given society,and understanding the essence of its existence and the necessity of its unfolding process.