對于世界工廠如何持續有效地組織和控制勞動力問題,當前研究過于關注生產政治,忽略了工廠之外勞動力市場組織的角色與影響。基于對W市制造業招聘的調查,本文分析了當前勞動力市場組織生態及其嵌入的制度環境。研究表明,圍繞企業的靈活用工需求,勞動力市場組織形態日益復雜化,已形成了層層外包、精細分工、競爭合作的中介鏈條。在配合彈性生產的同時,該鏈條的盈利方式與運行策略正不斷抬高工廠的用工成本,持續構造工人的高流動性與低技能性。地方政府、用工企業、工人群體是形塑勞動力市場組織生態的重要力量,三者共同營造了中介鏈所需的制度環境,并策略性地經營著生產體系中部分的"靈活性",同時也放大了生產體系整體的系統性風險。

A huge challenge confronted by the World Factory today is how to organize and control labor in a sustainable and effective manner. Most literature focuses on production politics,but neglects how the labor market in the manufacturing industry is organized. Based on fieldwork in the manufacturing industry in city W,this paper analyzes the configuration of the organizational ecology and institutional environment where recruitment takes place. It argues that such configuration has evolved into an intermediary chain,composed of multilevel outsourcing,elaborate division of labor,and constant competition and cooperation. To coordinate the flexible production,this chain develops a profit model that increases labor cost,aggravates labor turnover,and lowers labor skill. Key social forces that constitute the institutional environment include the local government, workers, and the corporations. Each manipulates the partial"flexibility"to its own interest. However,such flexibility unintentionally enlarges the risk of the production system as a whole.