To improve the resilience of the medical care and epidemic prevention system,the characteristics of the built environment and the people living in it should be both considered.In Beijing,large comprehensive hospitals are mainly located in the core area and central city,attracting a large number of patients gathering in and around hospital,which increases the risk of infection.The reason for the current situation lies in the absence of primary medical facilities and the failure of hierarchical medical system.Accordingly,this paper studies the patient activities and makes the following recommendations:firstly,it is suggested to set up a hierarchical medical system which consists of large emergency and small outpatient service;secondly,based on the hierarchical medical system,it is suggested to integrate and strengthen the resources of primary hospitals,and build a "medical community" around regional medical centers;thirdly,by taking the "medical community" as a unit,with "outpatient volume" as the core,it is necessary to deconcentrate and optimize the layout of medical resources.