健康、幸福和家庭經濟滿意等已成為評價我國城鎮化模式與城鄉規劃作用的重要維度。本文以健康、幸福感和家庭經濟滿意等為基礎構建居民主觀福祉,采用全國124個城市401個社區的14600名居民的抽樣調查數據,運用描述性統計、多層混合效應線性回歸模型、多層混合效應邏輯斯蒂回歸模型等方法,探討城鎮化、城鄉規劃和居民主觀福祉之間的關系。研究表明,在居民主觀福祉的空間分布上,經濟發展水平低的城市的居民主觀福祉水平較低,經濟發達的城市的居民主觀福祉水平較高;但城鎮化率大于70%的城市的居民主觀福祉水平卻顯著低于城鎮化率50%～70%的城市的居民。研究證實當前城鎮化模式下存在居民主觀福祉轉折點,即,城鎮化水平、城市經濟發展水平、城市人口規模均與居民主觀福祉呈"倒U型"結構關系。這一方面證實了以往中國城鄉規劃追求經濟增長以提升居民福祉的合理性,同時也反映出粗放的城鎮化模式對居民福祉可能存在潛在的損害。邁入城鎮化中后期,提高社會福祉應作為我國城鄉規劃的直接目標,以滿足新時期國家治理的新要求。

Health,happiness and family economic satisfaction have become important evaluation indicators of China’s urbanization process and urban and rural planning.In this paper,residents’ subjective well-being consists of health,happiness,family economic satisfaction,and so on.Based on the sample survey data of 14,600 residents in 401 neighborhoods of 124 cities in China,the paper explores the relationship between urbanization,urban planning and residents’ well-being using descriptive statistics,multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model.The results show that in the spatial distribution of residents’ well-being,residents living in cities with low per capita GDP have a low level of well-being,and residents in economically developed cities have a higher level of well-being;but the level of well-being of residents living in cities with urbanization rate greater than 70% is significantly lower than those living in cities with urbanization rate from 50% to 70%.This study proves that there is a turning point in residents’ subjective well-being under the current urbanization mode.In other words,the relationships between urbanization rate and residents’ well-being,economic development and residents’ well-being,population scale and residents’ wellbeing follow an inverse-U shape.These results confirm the rationality of China’s urban planning in pursuit of economic growth for the purpose of improving residents’ living standard.Additionally,it also reflects that the current poor-quality urbanization mode may harm residents’ well-being.Finally,we put forward that,in the background of slowing economic growth,the improvement of social welfare should be the direct target of urban and rural planning,to meet the new requirement of national governance in the new era.