"要"是一個多義情態詞,其基本情態義為意愿情態,其他情態解讀是在多種解釋性成分的影響下浮現的。這些成分包括主語和謂詞、句式、時體范疇以及語氣范疇等。研究發現:主語、謂詞以及句式構成的事件能否表達意愿性是"要"獲得動力情態的關鍵因素;時體范疇對情態解讀的影響作用主要表現在現實性方面;不同的語氣范疇傾向解讀為不同的情態意義。上述解釋性成分實際上處于不同的句法層級,它們對情態解讀獲得的影響作用不同。整體來看,句法層級越高的解釋性成分對情態解讀的影響作用越大;反過來,對情態解讀的認識又可以幫助驗證句法層級的高低。情態解讀與句法層級之間表現出明顯的互動關系。

Yao(要) is a polysemous modal word, whose basic modal meaning is volitive modality, and other modal interpretations emerge because of various explanatory elements around yao. This paper analyzes the following explanatory elements, including subject, predicate, sentence patterns, tense and mood markers. We find that A. Whether an event composed of subject, predicate and sentence pattern can express willingness is the key factor for yao to obtain the dynamic modality. B. The effect of temporal category on modality interpretation is mainly manifested in the aspect of reality. C. When yao is used in different moods, it tends to be interpreted as different modal meanings. The above explanatory elements are in fact at different syntactic levels, and they have different effects on modal interpretation. On the whole, the higher syntactic hierarchy the explanatory components are in, the greater impact on modal interpretation it has. There is an obvious interaction between modal interpretation and syntactic hierarchy.