契訶夫的獨幕劇創作是其戲劇創作的重要組成部分,其中,一部分是通俗笑劇,多數由其本人的短篇小說改編而來。另一部分獨幕劇則可納入悲喜劇的范疇。從小說家到戲劇家,契訶夫做的事情不僅僅是對小說進行改寫,更是一種戲劇觀念的革新。契訶夫的獨幕劇創作繼承了果戈理、薩爾蒂科夫—謝德林、亞·奧斯特洛夫斯基的戲劇傳統,發展出自己獨特的美學風格,特別是《在大路上》一劇,已經具備了一種多聲部復調戲劇的美學特征。

Chekhov’s plays are mainly composed of one-act plays,of which some are popular comedies adapted mostly from his short stories,and others are classified as tragicomedies. From a short story writer to a playwright,Chekhov not only rewrote his stories,but also innovated the concept of theater. Inheriting the play tradition from Gogol,Saldikov Sedlin and Alexander Ostrovsky,he developed a unique aesthetic style in his one-act plays,which is especially obvious in his play On the High Road that has already shown the aesthetic characteristics of a polyphonic play.