家族主義是源自本土經驗的核心概念,以家族主義為基礎形成了鄉土中國的基礎"三緣"。一是以血緣為基礎的宗族制度,通過血緣紐帶形成個人與家族休戚與共的命運共同體;二是血緣結合姻緣形成五服九族親屬制度以維系龐大的親屬網絡;三是以血緣和地緣為基礎的民間信仰制度,通過協調族際關系以維持基層社會的團結和穩定。歷經社會和文化轉型,家族主義仍然頑強持續以應對全球化和現代化的挑戰。鳳凰村家族主義的傳承與發展折射出鄉土中國基礎三緣的形式變遷和功能延續。基于本土經驗的社會學、人類學研究和關鍵概念對于建立中國社會科學的主體性具有深遠意義。

Familism,a significant concept deriving from the local experience that formed the foundation of rural China,has threefold meanings.First,the lineage system based on consanguinity has developed a community with shared destiny between individuals and the lineage;second,the Wufu 五服 and Jiuzu 九族 kinship system that combines consanguinity and marriage has been used to maintain a huge network of relatives;third,the folk belief system based on consanguinity and geographical proximity maintains the unity and stability of grassroots society by coordinating inter-clan relations.In the contexts of social and cultural transformations,the familism keeps stubbornly confronting the challenges from globalization and modernization.The heritage and development of familism in Fenghuang Village reflect the forms and functions of the three basic relationships,consanguinity,marriage and geographical proximity,of rural China that have constantly changed.The paper argues that the empirical research and key concepts of sociology and anthropology based on the local experience are of profound significance in establishing the subjectivity of Chinese social sciences.