目前, "多元文化主義"已發展成為一種政治思想, 在如何看待文化、政治和民族等方面都有著自己的觀點。少數民族遭遇多元文化主義, 將在民族文化與國家文化、民族自治與國家治理、民族身份與公民身份的關係等問題上產生認同困境。何以應對?核心理念是堅持"尊重多樣, 包容差異"原則。本文以中國為例嘗試了深入的剖析。具體而言, 黨和國家需注重中華文化的內涵發展、自治權利的法律實踐和公民身份的科學構建等議題的探討, 通過消解少數民族認同上的困境, 提升中國各民族的中華文化認同、中國政治認同和中華民族認同, 加強社會凝聚力、民族向心力和國家統合力。

Presently, the " multiculturalism" has evolved into a political ideology and it has its own point of views in terms of perceiving culture, politics and nation. The dilemma of identity is generated in the relationships between ethnic culture and national culture, ethnic autonomy and national governance, ethnic identity and citizen identity when minorities encounter multiculturalism. How to cope with it? The core idea is to adhere to the principle of "respect for diversity, inclusiveness of difference". This article conducts an in-depth analysis tentatively by taking China as an example. Specifically, the Party and the state need to lay emphasis on issues such as the connotation development of the Chinese culture, the legal practice of rights of autonomy, and the scientific identity construction of citizenship in order to promote Chinese cultural identity, political identity and national identity among all ethnic groups in China and to strengthen social cohesion, national solidarity and state integration through dispelling the predicament of minority identities.