推進民族事務治理法治化進程對建設法治中國有著重要的意義。本文首先梳理了我國民族事務治理理念從"人治"到"法治"的變遷背后的政府定位和價值導向，并進一步分析了民族事務治理法治化所面臨的困境:民族法治體系不協調、行政干預的效率衰減問題、民族習慣法與制定法的沖突以及官僚體系的"體制性遲鈍"與民族政治"效率需求"的矛盾。這四個方面的因素相互耦合形成復雜的體制性難題，嚴重阻滯我國民族問題治理體系和治理能力的現代化進程。文章認為，需要進一步調整民族立法思路突破法理困局、健全責任追究機制、加強民族地方法治社會建設以及民族事務治理方式適度"去行政化" ，推進我國民族事務治理過程的法治化。

It is significant to promote the legalization process of ethnic affair governance for the legislative construction in China. This paper firstly reviews government position and value orientation in the change of ideology of ethnic affair governance from the "rule by man"to the "rule of law",then it analyses the dilemmas confronting in the legalization process: ill coordinating ethnic legal systems,deficiency of administrative intervention,conflicts between customary law and statutes and the contradictions between bureaucratic "system sluggish" and ethnic politics’ "efficiency-demand". These four factors mutually couple into complex institutional difficulties,seriously blocking the process of modernization of China’ s governance system of ethnic affairs and governance ability. This paper holds that it needs to adjust ways of thinking in ethnic legislation and break through the dilemmas in theories of legislation,perfect the mechanism of responsibility investigation,strengthen legal construction in minority areas and "de-administration" in ways of ethnic affair governance so as to promote the legalization process of ethnic affair management.