上海"四反"運動是工商界的自我檢查、自我教育與自我改造運動,是"五反"運動的前奏。根據上海市委、市政府部署,上海工商聯以思想改造為突破口,積極宣傳運動的目的和意義,消除工商界的顧慮,為運動的順利開展奠定了思想基礎。同時,工商聯設立專門的領導機構,通過領導典型示範與組織體係將運動層層下推,深入基層,使運動有步驟、有秩序地展開。不過,工商業者基於既有之經營方式、慣例、商業倫理,對運動的認識深淺不一,常常越出運動架設的軌道,他們與工商聯、政府之間的互動頗為復雜。由於工商聯兼具業界經濟代表與政府政治代理的雙重職能,這從根本上制約著其行動空間和策略選擇,常常左右為難,力不從心。即便如此,"四反"運動之成效還是比較顯著,為"五反"運動的順利開展做了準備。

The "Four Antis" Movement in Shanghai was a movement involving the self-examination, self-education, and selfreformation of industry and commerce. It also presaged important parts of the "Five Antis" Movement. According to the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai municipal government, the Shanghai Association of Industry and Commerce took the reformation of thought as its breakpoint. It actively publicized the Movement’s goals and ideas, alleviated misgivings in industrial and commercial circles, and laid the intellectual basis for the smooth development of the Movement. Meanwhile, the Association of Industry and Commerce established a specialized organization to lead the Movement, extended the Movement down to the grassroots level through a system of model demonstrations and organizations, both of which enabled the Movement to proceed step-by-step in a systematic manner. However, because businessmen had different management styles, traditions, and business ethics, they understood the Movement in different ways and often extended beyond its framework. These businessmen’s interactions with the government and the Association of Industry and Commerce were therefore quite complicated. The Association’s dual functions as economic representative of industry and political agent of the government fundamentally constrained its space for action and its tactical choices. It was often in a dilemma and never as strong as it wished. Even so, the effects of the "Four Antis" Movement were clear, and laid the foundations for the smooth development of the "Five Antis" Movement.