The article revolves the process of traditional"globalism"to the modern nationalism,and expounds relation between modern nationalism and the construction of the modern nation-state of China by the theory and practice of all kinds of political power after the closed situation of China was broken. Kinds of social conflicts,thought collision and Chinese nation identity dominated history of nationalism construction. At present to re-examine and understand the special connotation of nationalism in transformation of the modern society,and promote its transformation will provide ideological resources for the construction of Chinese modern national country