轉化中的後社會主義區域城市：改革開放後上海區域的空間變遷
中文摘要
研究者的旨趣在於追蹤中國大陸自一九七八年經濟改革開放後，上海市作為
九零年代長江流域經濟起飛的龍頭城市，在從既有的社會主義計劃經濟制度，
轉變到後社會主義市場經濟體制的過渡期中，影響郊縣與城鎮等不同行政尺度
的空間發展機制。本文所探討的空間變遷議題，包括中央部門與地方政府的
〝條塊諸侯〞經濟現象、中央與地方政府的〝簡政放權〞空間發展策略、
地方政府的土地開發與管理方式；也涉及國家透過〝黨政企共和體〞的發展公司，
插手市場經濟運作的案例；例如，區－縣－鎮政府所屬的企業、發展公司、工業(園)
區管理委員會等空間發展主體，常藉由引進跨國資本來扭轉當地的產業空間與機
能結構。研究者的目的為期望透過以上經驗研究的論述生產，表明上海區域空間
與西方資本主義國家、或第三世界發展中城市的成長經驗，是有明顯的理論上差
異。這樣的研究，對於迄今亟缺乏的非資本主義社會的城市與區域空間研究，
應具有空間實踐與理論上的意義。
研究首先回顧並探討後社會主義城市與區域空間發展的相關文獻(第二章)；
繼而描述上海區域的城市發展史，以及不同時期的空間規劃與影響(第三章)；
並佐以相當份量的上海市區(第四章的中學校地置換和電表廠工業置換)、郊縣、鎮，
以及江蘇省蘇州市新區和中新蘇州工業園區、昆山市等個案探討(第五章的縣、鎮
開發區現象與開發主體的機制分析)。研究的最後，作者歸納出九零年代上海區域
空間的發展類型與影響機制(市區方面的〝單位現象〞與〝創收〞行為、地方政府的
舊區改造和產業轉型政策的二合一空間規劃策略；郊縣方面的不同類型產業開發(園)區、
鄉鎮企業與空間發展的互動)；提出具體的區域空間發展機制(第六章)－土地的有償
使用與級差制度、〝黨政企共同體〞的開發主體、市-區-縣政府關於空間發展的
財政權與土地批租權的下放，以及對底層單位的〝放權讓利〞等措施、企業與稅
制的改革、跨國資本與當地優勢勞動力的提供、土地代理人與決策者的財政與
仕途壓力、政治民主化的落後…等等。
關鍵詞：城市規劃、土地利用、後社會主義、上海市、
空間發展、都市與區域研究。

A Post-socialist Region City in Transition: Shanghai''s Spatial
Change since the Reforms
Abstract
Shanghai is the spearhead city in developing China''s enormous Yangtze River
basin. The author is interested in clarifying the mechanisms that dictate the
phenomenal spatial transformation of the cities, suburb
counties, and outer towns in the
Shanghai region. Probing into topics such as decentralization of powers among
government levels, conflicts between sectoral blocks and local
administrative units,
land development and management practices, and the dubious
relations among the local
government and state enterprises, the author tries to
understand the differences in the
spatial development between Shanghai region (under the
"socialist market economy"),
regions under capitalist system and other third-world areas.
With literature basically
lacking in non-capitalist spatial development experiences,
research work of this type
must be considered theoretically significant.
After an introductory statement of intention and procedural
arrangements in the
first chapter, the second chapter reviews relevant literature.
The third chapter is a brief
description of the history of Shanghai''s spatial development,
including its city planning
and the results. Chapters four and five present cases of land use changes and
development projects in the central city, suburb counties and
outer towns/cities.
Finally, the author delineates types of land development and
the factors that underlie
and condition this tremendous spatial overhaul now taking place in the region.
The new systems of paid land use rights, the decentralization
of financial and land
development powers, and a series of reforms in taxation and
management of state-
owned enterprises are seen as the basic conditions of the
transformation. Other factors
(e.g., the income-generating practices of all sorts of
establishments, and local
government''s policies of urban renewal and industrial
relocation, and the pouring in of
foreign capital after low cost labor and cheap land) also have
significant influences.
Keywords: city planning, land use, Post-socialist, Shanghai,
spatial development, urban and regional study.