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題名：低出生體重伴隨臨界智能障礙學前兒童之動作發展研究
作者：王琪珍
作者(外文)：Wang Chi-Jen
校院名稱：彰化師範大學
系所名稱：特殊教育研究所
指導教授：何東墀
張勝成
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2000
主題關鍵詞：低出生體重；臨界智能障礙；學前兒童；動作發展；low birth weight；borderline mental retardation；preschooler；motor development
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究分兩階段進行，第一階段研究，以動作發展量表對38位出生體重低於2000公克且智力數值介於70~84之5~6歲兒童(簡稱低體重臨界智障組)進行動作發展遲緩的測量與其相關因素之探討，並選取79位出生體重低於2000公克且智力數值90以上之5~6歲兒童(簡稱低體重正常智力組)及130位出生體重大於2500公克且智力數值90以上之5~6歲兒童(簡稱正常體重正常智力組)兩組與之比較差異。第二階段研究，以前後測區集隨機分派實驗設計，實驗組為19位動作發展遲緩5~6歲兒童，依其動作遲緩類型進行每兩星期一次，每次90分鐘，為期八週的精細動作訓練。兩組對照組未接受動作訓練方案， 17位動作發展遲緩5~6歲兒童(簡稱動作遲緩對照組)，與17位動作發展正常5~6歲兒童 (簡稱動作正常對照組)，以動作發展量表進行一次前測及兩次後測的收集，進行動作訓練成效檢定。期本研究結果能提供社區公衛護理人員在社區追蹤低出生體重兒的管理方向參考，以及幼稚園教師對有精細動作遲緩兒童設計精細動作訓練課程參考。本研究主要發現歸納如下；
一、低體重臨界智障組精細動作發展遲緩率54.3%，其精細動作發展遲緩相對危險性是低體重正常智力組7.2倍，更是正常體重正常智力組24.7倍。低體重臨界智障組粗大動作發展遲緩率為2.9%，低體重智力正常組為1.3%，正常體重正常智力組則沒有任何一人發生遲緩現象。
二、出生體重與智力數值較低者，家長多以語言貶損及身體懲罰等方式與孩童互動，遊戲時傾向無法安靜下來玩剪紙等遊戲、或不斷變換玩具等行為出現者，四歲時體重百分位態低於25者，以及五歲粗大動作發展數值愈低者等因素是精細動作發展遲緩的危險因子。
三、家長與老師認知到有動作協調不良的兒童人數與本研究動作發展量表所測驗出有遲緩的兒童人數一致性低。
四、動作發展遲緩兒童的家長之親子互動方式多以責備或貶損、抓捏及打罵方式的比率明顯高於動作發展正常兒童的家長。
五、實驗組經動作訓練方案的介入後，動作發展測驗分數增加的幅度顯著高於動作遲緩對照組及動作正常對照組。
六、實驗組於動作訓練八週後有53.6%的兒童，動作發展程度進展為正常，動作遲緩對照組只有25%的兒童，動作發展程度進展為正常，兩者的差異達統計顯著意義。
七、動作訓練方案有促進回診期間家長與兒童良好互動之成效，實驗組互動方式以責備或貶損、抓捏及打罵方式的比率明顯低於動作遲緩對照組。
八、實驗組在動作訓練過程，能遵從訓練指導員指導的得分愈高者，回家能執行動作訓練方案作業的比率愈高者，動作訓練後，動作進展為正常者愈多。
Two stages were used in this study. The aims of study in first stage was to investigate the motor development and the correlative factors on 38 children whose birth weight was less than 2000 gram and intelligence score was in the range of 70 to 80(LBWLIQ) at 5~6 years. In addition to sample two reference groups were carried out for comparison, one was 77 children whose birth weight was less than 2000 gram and intelligence score higher than 90 (LBWNIQ), the other was 130 children being full term and intelligence score higher than 90 (NBWNIQ) too. In second stage, pretest-posttest randomizes block design was to apply. 19 preschoolers with fine motor delay in experimental group (EG) received 90 minutes fine motor skill training program over eight-week every two week. There were two control groups. One was 17 preschooler with motor delay (CGa) and the other was 17 preschooler whose motor function was normal (CGb). The indicators of program effects were evaluated by profile of motor scale and measured by one pre-test and two post-test. Those findings in this study were presented as follows.
1. The rate of fine motor delay was 54.3% in LBWLIQ group. The relative risk of developing motor delay for those who was LBWLIQ group was 7.2 compared with LBWNIQ group, and 24.7 compared with NBWNIQ group. The rate of gross motor was 2.9% in LBWLIQ group, and 1.3% in NBWNIQ group. No one subject had gross motor delay in NBWNIQ group.
2. The correlative factors of fine motor delay in preschooler were four variables. There were birth weight combine with intelligent level, the pattern with punishment in parent-child interaction, the playing pattern with hyperactive behavior, body weight lower than 25 percentile at 4 year-old, and lower score of gross motor at 5 year-old.
3. The agreement rate was low in parents and teachers recognized the number of children with poor coordination of motor function, compare with the number of motor delay as assessed by motor profile.
4. The rate of parent-child interaction with punishment in motor delay children was higher to compare motor function normal children.
5. Significant increasing effects of motor training program for experimental group compared with control group after intervention. The motor normal of 53.6% in EG was higher than 25% in CG at second post-test.
6. The post effect of parent-child interaction of EG was more than CGa.
7. It was higher score of compliance in training process, higher effect of training program.
中文：
成戎珠 (民85)．腦神經運動發展測驗之建立與信效度研究．教育部八十五年委託研究計劃工作報告
林其和、王琪珍、王新台、陳德人 (民84)．台南地區新生兒醫療網：低體重社區轉介居家照護追蹤探討．行政院衛生署八十四年度委託研究計劃工作報告
沈清良 (民80)．解剖生理學．台北：華杏出版
范永達 (民80)．首腦組織─圖解生理學．台北：徐氏基金會出版
陳美燕、徐澄清 (民80)．家庭環境評量表在台灣之信度、效度的初步探討．護理雜誌，38(4)，119-128new window
教育部 (民84)．陪孩子一起成長－家庭教育．台北：國立中央圖書館出版
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