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題名:國際代工夥伴關係下之資產專屬性與能力建構--供應商觀點分析
作者:王慧美
作者(外文):Hui-Mei Wang
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:國際企業學研究所
指導教授:黃恆獎
李吉仁
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:資產專屬性整合專屬性能力建構跨國代工夥伴關係asset specificitysynergistic specificitycompetence buildinginternational OEM/ODM partnership
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主旨在以台灣委託設計或委託製造之代工廠商(OEM/ODM supplier)的角度,探討在跨國代工夥伴關係當中,相對規模較小的一方,其決定投資關係專屬性資產(機器設備、電腦軟硬體、專案團隊人員、特定管理流程等等)之因素,以及該關係專屬性資產之價值創造效果。由於與資源豐富的國外大廠相較,台灣代工廠商無論有形、無形資源皆相對較小,無法以向前整合或取得長期購買合約等方式,來防衛投資後被套牢的風險;究竟係何原因使這些規模較小的供應商甘冒風險為國外客戶投入專屬的資產?這些專屬性資產是否對於夥伴之間的共同活動以及供應商的能力建構有所幫助?而夥伴間共同活動與供應商的能力建構之間是否有雙向增強效果?本研究之目的在於解答上列問題,並供我業者擬訂買主管理策略之參考。
理論觀念上,本研究以動態能力觀點下的合作關係為出發點,結合交易成本理論、資源倚賴理論、資源基礎理論以及關係學派的觀點,推導出整合此四派理論之觀念模型,以檢驗關係專屬性資產之前因與後果;本研究共計提出十四項假說,並使用「整合專屬性」(synergistic specificity)新構面,以反應實務上代工廠商為某一特定客戶投入的,可整合加值型活動創造綜效的專屬資產,例如:專屬管理流程、專屬團隊人員與電腦之互動交流以及資訊軟體交換架構等。
實證上,本研究以台灣資訊業代工廠商為問卷調查對象,回收119份問卷,回收率41.6%,過濾刪除後計110有效樣本,經由直線結構關係模型(LISREL 8.2)路徑分析結果大致支持理論推導假說,其中防衛機制、對客戶之倚賴與預期報償三者,對關係專屬性資產的投資有顯著正面影響,技術不確定性與關係資本則效果不顯著,而關係資本同時顯著地有助於跨國夥伴間共同活動以及供應商能力建構;投入專屬性與整合專屬性之間有顯著正向關係,且兩者皆對夥伴間共同活動有顯著的幫助;此外,夥伴間共同活動對代工廠商的能力建構之正向影響雖顯著成立,但是,代工廠商的能力建構可能導致更多夥伴間共同活動之假說並未獲得支持,此應與跨國代工夥伴關係同時具有合作與競爭的特質有關。本研究最後並根據實證結果,提出管理意涵與對於未來研究的建議。
This study attempts to explore the antecedents and value-creation effects of relation-specific investments within the context of international subcontracting partnership from a supplier’s perspective. Specifically, the study aims to answer three related research questions: (1) what are the reasons for small firms to make relation-specific investments for their big partners? (2) Is there a positive effect of relation-specific investments on joint action and competence building? (3) Is there a reciprocal positive relation between joint action and competence building?
Theoretically, it adopts Transaction Costs Economics, Resource-Based View, Resource Dependence Theory, and Relational View to propose an integrated model to examine the antecedents and effects of relation-specific investments. Fourteen hypotheses are derived and a new construct, “synergistic specificity”, is created to represent the assets specially adapted for a partner that facilitate communication and coordination between partners and create synergies among specialized value-adding activities. The conceptual model is empirically tested using cross-sectional survey data, based on the administration of a mail questionnaires to key informants within a sample of 286 Taiwanese contract manufacturers of information products. The hypotheses are tested using structural equation model and path analysis (LISREL 8.2) with 110 effective cases.
The statistical analysis by and large supports the fourteen hypotheses. Among the five antecedents, own dependence, expected return and safeguard are positively and significantly associated with relation-specific assets whereas relational capital and technological uncertainty are not. Meanwhile, consistent with the proposed link, synergistic specificity has a significant and positive effect on competence building and dedicated specificity contributes to competence building mediated by joint action. However, the reciprocal relation between joint action and competence building is not supported, possibly due to the simultaneous cooperative and competitive nature of international subcontracting partnership. Overall, this study sheds new light on asset specificity and, in a sense, represents a further step toward dealing with a managerial challenge in buyer management strategy for small suppliers.
中文部分
“鴻海建構全球供應鏈 康柏做幫手”, 經濟日報 (Economic Daily) 第3版, 1999年4月10日
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