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題名：解構一隻看不見的手話語：對經濟學方法論的反思
作者：蔡博文
作者(外文)：Po-wen Tsai
校院名稱：國立中山大學
系所名稱：中山學術研究所
指導教授：宋鎮照
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2005
主題關鍵詞：經濟學方法論；本體論；話語；一隻看不見的手；解構；Ontology；Deconstruction；Invisible Hand；Economic Methodology；Discourse
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本文旨在對主流經濟學方法論進行反思。反思意指思考研究者與研究對象之間的關係。主流經濟學透過市場為中心的意識型態，固定研究對象；利用均衡分析，以利研究結果的確定性獲得，於是造成對研究對象本體性質的忽略。因此，本文由「去中心」的角度切入，藉助後結構思潮，對主流經濟學的中心隱喻，也就是「一隻看不見的手」話語，進行解構。之所以稱其為話語，目的在突顯知識與權力之間的關係。而解構在本文的應用，從理論上講，由德里達提出的諸多概念中梳理，歸納為「既是..又不是..」的邏輯；從實際操作上看，則是「解開」與「重置」的雙重過程。
透過「解開」的操作，「解開」市場為中心之看不見的手隱喻，從中得到看不見的手之本體論意涵。藉著「重置」的操作，「重置」看不見的手隱喻，由重讀斯密方法論切入，重新詮釋看不見的手，也得出其本體論的意涵。從以上兩過程發現，解開與重置並非是斷裂的，而是有某種聯繫，其聯繫的共享因素是：重視研究對象的本體。因此，本文呼籲將本體論帶回經濟學的討論，並在本體論帶回的基礎下，「解開」主流經濟學的本體論主張，也就是經驗實在論，並「重置」將本體論帶回後的可能本體論承諾。由此主張，自然科學的方法可以應用到社會科學，前提是須重視其本體論，而這正是主流經濟學所忽略的。因此本文對經濟學方法論作出以下的主張﹕形式化與計量方法很重要，但要重視研究對象的本體，方法才具更好的效果。這也對社會科學方法論上，實證主義與後實證主義之間的對峙，所作的協調與超越。
The aim of this dissertation is to reflect on economic methodology. To reflect means to think about the relationship between researcher and the object of research. The object in mainstream economics is fixed in market realm. When the object is fixed then the focus in economic study is the method. Mainstream economics used equilibrium analysis method in order to make the research outcome be certainty. In the process of pursuing certainty the ontology of the object is neglected. The de-centering strategy we applied is deconstruction concept. My main reason for taking Derrida’s deconstruction as a starting point is to de-center the fixed center which operating mechanism is the invisible hand. In this dissertation the logic of deconstruction is “neither..or..” form and the steps are to undo and displace. In order to emphasize the multiples means and the relation of knowledge and power we use the term discourse.
In chapter four we undo “the invisible hand” metaphor that is the center of market. The direct consequence of the undo process is the finding of the ontological implication. In chapter five we displace “the invisible hand” metaphor. Through rereading Adam Smith’s methodology we interpret invisible hand as causal relation and find the same ontological implication. Together with these two processes above we find out the inspiration for reflection of economic methodology that is to answer the most fundamental question about what is the economic object. In chapter six we call for discussion to bringing the ontology back into economics. We believe the study of economic ontology is a prerequisite for understanding economics as a scientific discipline. It is thus intended and hoped that this reflection will help to beyond the opposite between positivism and post-positivism. For the defined goal to coordinate the opposite we introduce philosopher Quine’s ontological method called ontological commitment. After the reflection we claim ：the method such as formation and econometric is important, but if we can emphasize the ontology of research object then the study will be activity. The defense of this claim is the main subject of this dissertation. Finally we just point out that if the claim is accepted, then something along this line of the attention is essential to the practice researcher. That is to take more time to think the nature of the research object when he construes a model.
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