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題名:澎湖群島濱臺地形發育及其對傳統石滬活動之影響
作者:呂政豪 引用關係
作者(外文):Cheng-Hao Lu
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:齊士崢
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:濱臺原始地形岩石強度石滬shore platforminitial landformrock strengthsfishing weir
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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岩石濱臺在澎湖群島的分布相當廣闊,退潮後寬度可達3 至5 公里,然而空間分布上卻呈東北寬、西南窄,受島嶼庇護的內灣則發育相當寬闊的濱臺。為檢視先前研究所提出的「原始地形」假說,以及探討影響原始近岸陡坡濱臺發育的因素,本文選擇在澎湖本島、中屯島、白沙島與西嶼地區進行野外濱臺剖線的量測、濱臺與海崖岩石強度的測量與波浪能量的推估,並進行統計分析與檢定。根據研究成果顯示,在濱臺剖線增加為71條時,原始地形指標(近岸坡度)與濱臺寬度關係仍具高度顯著性,驗證過去所提出的,影響研究區濱臺發育最重要的因素是平緩的方山狀原始地形,尤其內灣區域更為明顯。
其次,在近岸陡坡的濱臺調查上,本文依據崖底的岩性組成將海岸分為界面與非界面兩種型態,界面型係指海崖底部是由複合岩層或是多次熔岩流所構成的海岸;非界面型則由單一玄武岩層所構成。濱臺型態而論,界面型海岸的濱臺寬度普遍較寬,且濱臺面低;非界面型海岸的濱臺寬度則較為狹窄,多在20公尺以下,濱臺面則在平均高潮線附近。從相關分析顯示非界面型海岸雖岩體抗力與波浪能量具有差異,但濱臺寬度的變異卻不大,多集中於50-70公尺,故本文推論此寬度應為近岸陡坡濱臺的「極限寬度」。然而,濱臺高度與濱臺類型則與岩石強度具顯著相關,當岩石強度越高,濱臺面則越高,並分布B型的近水平濱臺,然而,非界面型的濱臺面位於平均高潮位的因素,除受較高的岩石強度控制外,波浪如何超越侵蝕閾值形成濱臺,是否與平均高潮位的風化效率佳有關,仍需後續更多的野外調查與實驗來探討。
此外,本文的另一目的則是嘗試藉由上述澎湖群島濱臺地形的研究成果,探討石滬與濱臺地形的環境關係。從研究成果顯示,吉貝嶼石滬分布熱區位於北-東北海岸,呈現高度聚集現象,而在西-西南海岸則為當地石滬分布之冷區。影響當地石滬分布、類型的環境因素,與當地濱臺地形的分布、平均坡度、類型有關,而使吉貝嶼的石滬數量及類型呈現高度的空間變異現象。後續將可透過更精細的潮間帶地形資料進一步分析、解釋石滬的開口方向與形狀指標之環境意義。
Penghu islands, in the southern Taiwan Strait, is a remnant of a middle-late Miocene basaltic shield volcano. According to the previous studies, the extraordinarily wide shore platforms which could reach 3 to 5 km in width, developed along the northeastern coast and facing the open sea are strongly affected by the mesa-like initial landform. However, the development of steep initial landform are still unknown. Based on 31 numbers of the survey of the shore platform, two major lithological composition of cliff base could be identified : interface and non-interface .The interface type is the contact of two rock formations or two basalt lava flows. The non-interface type of cliff base is composed of single resistant basalt formation. The interface type on the development of shore platform with the characteristic erosional features are wider and lower. However, the maximum width is about 70-80 meter. This width of shore platform seems reaching to the limit of development. Otherwise, the shore platform characteristic of non-interface type are narrower and lower. The width is often less than 10 meters, even without the development of shore platform and to be a plunging cliff. The higher shore platform have been formed above the high tide, inferred that the better efficacy of wetting and drying at high tide help to reduce the rock strength because of longer periods of exposure. Therefore, the variety of lithological composition is the primary control factor for the morphology of narrow shore platforms in Penghu Islands.
The another main purpose of this research is to recognize the relationship between shore platform and fishing weir by investigating the style and distribution of fishing weir with environmental condition, such as the type , distribution and slope of shore platform and tidal direction. According to the preliminary result, the distribution and slope of shore platform have influence on the distribution and type of fishing weir.
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