:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:解放資本主義:社會企業如何重構市場經濟?
作者:謝昇佑
作者(外文):Sheng-Yu Hsieh
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:建築與城鄉研究所
指導教授:畢恆達
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:社會企業資本主義市場與社會實作觀點國家理論後進國家社會團結合作經濟社會困境social enterprisemarket and societypractical horizon of state theorylate developing statesocial solidarityco-operative economysocial dilemma
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:0
本論文建立在研究者多年研究社會理論的反思,以及自身投入社會企業經營實務的經驗基礎上,所提出的批判性社會企業理論。因此,研究者旨趣不在於探討當前社會企業理論,而在於提出本土實作觀點的社會企業理論。
為了達到這個目標,本論文分別從理論和實作兩個層面探討社會企業理論。在理論層面,研究者認為,一般普遍採取「以商業手段解決『社會問題』或達到『社會目的』」的說法定義社會企業,造成對「社會企業」嚴重的誤解。因為一般語用中的「社會問題」或「社會目的」是非常不嚴謹的概念,既存的企業都可以宣稱在解決某項社會問題或成就了某項社會目的。嚴格「社會問題」或「社會目的」的定義必須是指向「社會如何可能」這個社會存有論層面的課題,換言之,如果說社會企業就其樣態是以「以商業手段解決『社會問題』或達成『社會目的』」,那麼這裡所謂的「社會問題」或「社會目的」就必須是存有論上探討當前人類社會之為人類社會的價值與意義,以及究竟遭遇到甚麼樣的困境,使得「社會之為社會」的可能性受到嚴峻的挑戰。嚴謹的「社會企業」概念不能迴避這個基礎的存有論反思。
準此,研究者認為,當前人類社會發展主要受制於資本主義體制。資本主義文明帶了空前的繁榮也帶來了空前的社會困境,因而社會企業也就必須回到批判資本的脈絡下才能達到解決社會問題的目的。依據這樣的想法,本論文在理論部分以批判資本主義作為開展的起點,釐清究竟社會企業應當指向什麼樣的「社會問題」。
然而,「社會企業」這一概念即表明本身乃是實作導向的概念,也就是說,其目的不僅在於定義「社會問題」,更在於「解決社會問題」;因此,當在存有論層面探討社會企業指向的社會問題時,必須同時扣連到「問題解決」的方法論層面,是故,在理論探討的部分,研究者探討資本主義社會的一般性問題之外,也必須定位出具體可以行動改變或挑戰的議題,因此,研究者放棄一般關於資本主義研究中常用的,就歷史層面來看,資本主義發展(所必然遭遇)的「危機」概念,改以從行動者角度,提出「社會困境」的概念。從社會困境的角度,將一般性資本主義批判轉向具體社會困境批判。
也因為如此,具體社會困境的批判必須建立在每個具體社會特殊的資本主義處境作為分析起點,準此,研究者以「後進(資本主義)國家」作為分析台灣社會具體資本主義困境的分析視域。並以這個視域貫穿對市場、國家等概念的重新理解,以尋找社會企業作為一種解放資本主義、重構市場經濟的可能性。
在第二部分實作經驗的討論中,研究者以自身創設的社會企業為例,描述如何從表層的社會現象定位深層的社會困境、乃至於如何採取行動策略在解決表面的社會問題時,指向深層的社會困境。研究者認為「合作經濟」是挑戰資本主義經濟體制最重要的一個方法,然而,在資本主義社會中要形成「合作」的社會團結網絡,必須突破既有資本主義社會的格局,因此,如何模糊既有社會領域的邊界是重要的策略,也因此,研究者不採取傳統批判資本主義者,從生產領域出發,以階級鬥爭作為行動的策略方針,而是從「流通領域」出發,因為流通領域所具有社會領域界線模糊的特徵,將有助於尋找階級鬥爭以外、有助重新形塑社會團結的行動可能。
This dissertation is based on the researcher reflecting on social theories for many years and the experience of his own self-employed social enterprise. Therefore, the researcher''s interest is not to discuss the current social enterprise theory, but rather to bring up the theory of social enterprise from the viewpoint of local experience.
For the purpose, this dissertation explores the social enterprise theory from the theory and practice two levels. On the theoretical level, the researcher argue that the common definition of social enterprises is ‘’solving social problems or accomplishing social goals through commercial methods’’ resulting in a serious misunderstanding of ‘’social enterprises’’. The ‘’social problems” or ‘’social goals’’ in common use is not a serious concept, so every enterprise can easy claim that its entrepreneurial purpose is to solve some kind of social problems or achieve some kind of social purposes. A serious definition of ‘’social problems’’ or “social goals’’ is must refer to the ontological question about ‘’how is a society possible?’’. In other words, if the social enterprise is to “solving the ‘social problems’ or achieve the ‘social goals’ by commercial methods”, the so-called “social problems” or “social goals” must be discussed on the ontological question about what the value and meaning of human society is and what kind of dilemma encountered results in the possibility of “how is a society possible” being severely challenged. The rigorous concept of “social enterprise” cannot avoid the reflection on this ontological foundation.
At this point, the researcher believes that the current development of human society is mainly subject to Capitalist System. Capitalism with unprecedented prosperity has also brought unprecedented social dilemma. That is the reason why the social enterprise must return to the context of critique on capitalism to achieve the purpose of solving social problems. Based on this idea, this dissertation in the theoretical part is focus on of the critique on capitalism as a starting point to clarify what kind of “social problems” the social enterprises should point.
However, the concept of “social enterprise” lies itself a concept of practice-oriented, that is, its purpose is not only to give a definition about “social problems” but also to “solve social problems”; therefore, when the social problems which is referred to the social enterprise are discussed on the ontological level, must also be linked to the “problem-solving” methodological level. Therefore, in the theoretical part of this dissertation, the researcher explores the general problems of Capitalist Society, but also targets to specific problems that could be changed or challenged by actions. So the researcher abandons the general concept of “crisis” that is commonly used in critical researches on the development of capitalism. Instead, from the point of view of the actor researcher use the concept of “social dilemma” on critique of capitalism. From the perspective of social dilemma, the critique would be from general to specific social contexts.
Because of this, the critique of the concrete social dilemma must be based on the specific capitalist situation of each specific society as the starting point of the analysis. The researcher from the horizon of “late developing (capitalist) country” analyzes  Taiwan''s specific capitalist social dilemma. And from this horizon researcher rethink what the market is and what the stat is in order to find a social enterprise as a liberation of capitalism, the possibility of restructuring the market economy.
In the second part, the discussion on practical experience level, the researcher based on the experience of itself-employed social enterprise as an example to describe how to get positioning of deep social dilemma from the social phenomenon and even how to take action strategies in solving problems of social surface referring to deep social dilemma. Researchers believe that “cooperative economy” is the most important way to challenge the capitalist economic system. However, in Capitalist Society in order to form a cooperative social solidarity networks, we must break through the forms of the existed capitalist society. Therefor how make the boundary of social fields ambiguous is an important strategy, and therefore, the researcher does not take the traditional critical approach on capitalism, starting from the production field, the class struggle as a strategy of action, but from the circulation field. That is because of circulation field with the characteristics of ambiguous social boundaries would help to get new ways to re-build the social solidarity instead of the class struggle.
王振寰(1993)《資本,勞工,與國家機器》。台北:台灣社會研究。
王振寰(1996)《誰統治台灣》。台北:巨流。
〈水耕「蔬菜」明日之星!多家企業投入經營戰〉(1988年1月28日)。經濟日報,第十六版,產業(三)。
丘昌泰(2000)《公共管理-理論與實務手冊》。台北:元照。
邢瑜(2015)《台灣社會企業的認知與圖像建構》。台北:國立台北大學公共行政暨政策學系博士論文。
李怡男(1990/06/01)〈水耕蔬菜 市府將終止推廣:必須技術資本密集 農民盲目加入形成惡性競爭 明年起改試辦「有機農業」〉。《聯合報》,第14版。
呂大樂、趙永佳(1997)〈既非國家,亦非市場 —探討香港工業轉型之制度性因素〉。東海大學東亞社會經濟研究中心(編)《地方社會》(頁103-138)。台北:聯經。
林怡諄(2005/01)〈台灣米農不死!〉。《遠見雜誌》,223期。取自:https://store.gvm.com.tw/article_content_10456_4.html
林傳琦(2003)〈推動有機農業的成果與展望〉。《農政與農情》,137,32。
林銘洲(2004)〈國內有機農業發展趨勢〉。取自:
http://info.organic.org.tw/supergood/ezcatfiles/organic/img/img/721/596739266.pdf
柯志明(2003)《米糖相剋》。台北:群學。
胡秀珠(2010)〈吹冷氣的米 富麗米獲歐盟認證銷全球〉。《ideas創新發現誌》,94期。取自:http://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0047/177500/web/
倪粱康(2007)《胡塞爾現象學概念通釋》。北京:三聯書店。
侯福分、陳吉村(2005)〈有機農業之發展與願景〉。《有機農業生產技術研討會》(頁57-73)。花蓮:會花蓮區農業改良場。
魚凱(2016)《菜鳥公門飛》。台北:大塊文化。
陳玠廷(2014)《臺灣有機農業反身現代現象之研究》。臺灣大學生物產業傳播暨發展學研究所博士論文。
陳榮五(2009)〈臺灣有機農業發展之瓶頸〉。《有機農業產業發展研討會》(頁9-18) 彰化:台中區農業改良場。
〈健康食品未必健康!營養專家說:均衡飲食才最重要〉(1985/08 /26)。《聯合報》,第6版。
〈「健康」食品誇大療效 學者認應嚴格管理〉(1987/05/24)。《聯合報》,第3版。
黃樹民(2013)〈臺灣有機農業的發展及其限制:一個技術轉變簡史〉。《臺灣人類學刊》,11(1),9-34。
雷通明(1987)〈美國農業的危機與轉機(上)〉。《農業周刊》,13(21),28-30。
賈亦珍(1989年5月14日)〈解決農業問題 余玉賢語重心長 寄望行政人員 實踐「三心二不」〉。《聯合報》,第6版。
蔡晏霖(2016)〈農藝復興:臺灣農業新浪潮〉,《文化研究》,22,31-32。
蔡培慧(2016)〈從社運到立院,對抗第三波圈地〉。取自:
https://theinitium.com/article/20160325-opinion-tsaipeihui-socialmovement/
蔡精強(2009)〈台灣有機農業發展概況與前景〉。取自:
http://info.organic.org.tw/supergood/ezcatfiles/organic/img/img/721/profile.pdf
蔡振源(1988/06/14)〈有機農業 使大地復甦:濫用化學肥料 蛙不鳴 讓土壤再呼吸 重頭來〉。《聯合報》,第11版。
劉亮佑(2014)《自由的兩難:台東池上慣行與有機稻作的交織政治》。國立交通大學人文社會學系族群文化碩士班碩士論文。
劉華真(2011)〈消失的農漁民:重探臺灣早期環境抗爭〉。《臺灣社會學》,21,1-49。
劉進慶(2001)《台灣戰後經濟分析》。台北:人間。
鄭勝分(2005)《歐美社會企業發展及其在台灣應用之研究》。台北:國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文。
鄭勝分(2007)〈社會企業的概念分析〉。《政策研究學報》,7,65-108。
曉陽(1976年10月20號)〈食物與癌〉。《聯合報》,第6版。
瞿宛文、洪嘉瑜(2002)〈自由化與企業集團化的趨勢〉。瞿宛文《全球化下的台灣經濟》(頁33-79)。台北:台灣社會研究。
謝仁哲(2003)〈充滿生機與商業的有機農業〉。《台肥季刊》,44(6),56-60。
謝昇佑(2004)《現代人的形象:主體的莫比烏斯環》。台北:東吳大學社會學碩士論文。
謝昇佑(2010)〈歷史處境中的行動主體:馬克思哲學與現象學的交互觀察〉。In Yu, C.-C. (Ed.), Phenomenology 2010. Volume 1: Selected essays from Asia and Pacific. Phenomenology in dialogue with East Asian tradition (pp. 469-504). Bucharest: Zeta Books.
謝順景(2010)〈臺灣一百多年來的有機農業發展之歷史回顧〉。《台中農業改良場研究彙報》,107,1-12。
〈讓死土復活 五年見真章:回歸老祖宗不用化學肥料及農藥,高雄農改場擬定有機農業研究計畫〉(1988/09/19),《聯合報》,第15版。
柄谷行人(2013)《世界史的結構》(林暉鈞譯)。台北:心靈工坊。
Anheier, H. K. (2003). Dimensions of the nonprofit sector: Comparative perspectives on structure and change. In H. K. Anheier & Ben-Ner, A. (Eds.), The study of the nonprofit enterprise: Theories and approach (pp. 247-275). New York: Plenum.
Block, F. (1990), Postindustrial possibilities: A critique of economic discourse. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Borzaga, C. & Santuari, A. (2003), New trends in the non-profit in Europe: The emergence of social entrepreneurship. In OECD (Ed.), The non-profit sector in a changing economy (pp. 31-59). Paris: OECD.
Bowles, S. & Gintis, H. (1986), Democracy and capitalism: Property, community, and the contradictions of modern social thought. New York: Basic Books. 
Braudel F.(1994)《資本主義的動力》(楊起譯)。香港:牛津大學。
Carson, R.(1997)《寂靜的春天》(李文昭譯)。台中:晨星。
Castells (1992). Four Asian Tigers with a dragon head: A comparative analysis of the state, economy, and society in the Asian Pacific Rim. In R. Appelbaum & J. Henderson (Eds.), States and development in the Asian Pacific Rim (pp. 33-70). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Connor, J. O’ (1973), The fiscal crisis of the state. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Dees, J. G., & Elias J. (1998). The challenges of combining social and commercial enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8 (1), 165-178.
Evans, P. (1992). The state as problem and solution: Predation, embedded autonomy, and structural change. In S. Haggard & R. R. Kaufman (Eds.), The politics of economic adjustment (pp. 139-181). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Gorz, A. (1989). Critique of economic reason. London: Verso.
Gregory, D. J., Emerson, J. & Economy, P. (2001). Enterprising nonprofits: A toolkit for social entrepreneurs. New York: Wiley.
Guthman, J. (1998), Regulating meaning, appropriating nature: The codification of California organic agriculture. Antipode, 30(2), 135-154.
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162 (3859), 1243–1248.
Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests. Boston: Beacon.
Harvey, D.(2016)《資本社會的17個矛盾》(許瑞宋譯)。台北:聯經。
Kornai, J. (1992). The socialist system: The political economy of communism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Landgrebe, L. (1984). The problem of teleology and corporeality. In B. Waldenfels, J. M. Broekman, & A. Pažanin, (Eds.), Phenomenology and Marxism (pp. 53-81). Boston: Routledge & K. Paul.
Marx, K.(1975)《資本論》第一卷、第三卷(郭大力、王亞南譯)。北京:人民。
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception. Longdon: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Miliband, R. (1968). The state in capitalist society. London: Weidenfeld.
Mills, C. W. (2000). The sociological imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.
Myers, G. S. (2009). Making on-farm processing: A viable economic option in Maryland. Retrieved from http:
https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/_docs/Final%20White%20Paper%20Processing%20for%20Profits.pdf
McNiff, J. & Whitehead, J. (2002). Action research: Principles and practice. London: Routledge.
McNiff, J. & Whitehead, J. (2006). All you need to know about action research. London: Sage.
Pollen, M.(2012)《雜食者的兩難》(鄭子衿譯)。台北:大家。
Poulantzas, N. (1968). Political power and social classes. London: Verso.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1994). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Routledge.
Social Enterprise Alliance (2016). The social enterprise sector: A conceptual framework. Retrieved from http: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/37753595.pdf
Wade, R. (1990). Governing the market: Economic theory and the role of government in East Asian industrialization. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.
Wallerstein, I.(2000)〈華勒斯坦訪問錄〉(柯志明譯)。《近代世界體系》第三卷(頁 403-435)。台北:桂冠。
Winter, R. & Munn-Giddings, C. (2001). Action research as a form of social inquiry: A ‘theoretical’ justification. In R. Winter & C. Munn-Giddings (Eds.), A handbook for action research in health and social care (pp. 254-265). London: Routledge.
Wright, E. O. (2010). Envisioning Real Utopias. London: Verso.
Wright, E. O.(2016)《真實烏托邦》(黃克先譯)。台北:群學。
Young, D. R. (2001). Organizational identity in nonprofit organizations: Strategic and structural implications. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 12(2), 139-157.
Young, D. R. (2003). New trends in the US Non-profit sector: Towards market integration. In A. Noya, & C. Nativel (Eds.), The non-profit sector in a changing economy (pp. 61-77). Paris: OECD.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE