虛空與意義：比較《等待果陀》與《傳道書》__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	虛空與意義：比較《等待果陀》與《傳道書》
作者：	邱亞琦
作者(外文)：	Ya-Chi Chiu
校院名稱：	國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：	英語學系
指導教授：	柯志明歐司迪
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2018
主題關鍵詞：	意義；虛空；《等待果陀》；《傳道書》；生命意義；死亡；果陀；上帝；愛；好的文學；永恆；永恆主題；Meaning；Vanity；Waiting for Godot；Ecclesiastes；The Meaning of Life；Death；Godot；God；Love；Substantial Literature；Eternity；Perennial Theme
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:13

曾經，存在著確定的意義；然而，歷史與學科存在著一種走向，即所謂確定的意義逐漸消蝕。現代主義者已驚覺到意義的消蝕所帶來的痛苦，甚至後現代主義者拒絕任何確定的意義。倘若，文本的意義變得模糊、不確定，如何理解一個文本？怎樣的理解才有意義？文本的價值如何判定？進而提問：如何判定什麼是好的文學？如果沒有確定的意義，如何確定有好的文學作品？因此，找到一個有意義的進路來探討文本是理解文本並判定文本價值中最根本的。依此檢視當代文學理論，如讀者反應理論、解構、後殖民理論、後現代理論、心理分析理論、女性主義理論、同性戀及酷兒理論，這些理論都不足以幫助我們分析及找出文本最根本的價值，或作為判斷文本好壞之標準，至多僅揭露一種建基在客觀文本意義上不同視角之理解。因此，本文試著提出一個更能客觀理解各個文本的進路，去掌握文本的基本價值。
首先，文學呈現永恆主題，而凡永恆主題都集中在一個問題上，即生命意義，也就是說，生命意義就是作為判定一文本之價值的判准。本論文以《等待果陀》與《傳道書》為代表，比較探討生命意義。第二章，透過永恆主題分析生命中根深蒂固的虛無，據此解開《等待果陀》的意義。第三章，透過永恆主題分析處理《傳道書》所呈現的人類存在上最根本的困境：人類處在虛無當中主要是因為死亡存在。第四章，為兩個作品的比較：《等待果陀》沒有提出處理存在之無意義的方法，也沒有找到生命的意義，因為《等待果陀》的世界是一個不存在超越性之可能的世界，因此也是一個沒有希望的世界。相對而言，《傳道書》確信這是一個有上帝存在的世界，因此它提供一個超越虛無及獲得意義的可能性。
顯然，永恆的生命及一位全知、全能、全善的超越救助者，是生命有意義的最根本條件。並且，我們認為生命的意義就是愛，因此好的文學必定呈現愛。

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There was a time when there existed in the minds of men fixed and certain meaning; however, history and science have moved them in the direction of the eclipse of fixed and certain meaning. Modernists feel the anguish of this eclipse of meaning, and postmodernists especially reject any idea of certainty of meaning. If the meaning of texts turns out to be obscure, how do we understand a text? What is a meaningful way to understand a text? How do we judge the value of a text? We can ask further: How do we judge what substantial literature is? If there is no certainty of meaning, how do we know there is a substantial literary work? Thus, to find out a meaningful approach to examine a literary text is the fundamental step to take before understanding and judging a literary text. Contemporary literary theories, such as reader response, deconstruction, postcolonial criticism, postmodernism, psychoanalytic criticism, feminist criticism, and gay/lesbian criticism and queer theory, are not sufficient to serve as an approach that can help us to analyze and find out the essential value of a literary work. At most, they disclose a different angle of viewpoint, which is founded on an objective meaning of the text. Thus, this dissertation intends to advance an objective method to approach a literary work, so that it can help us to grasp the essential value of a literary text that makes the work substantial.
First of all, literature presents perennial themes and all those themes converge on one question—that is, the meaning of life, and the meaning of life serves as a standard to judge whether a literary work is good or not. This dissertation examines and compares two representative works, Waiting for Godot and Ecclesiastes.
Chapter two makes some contribution to the unraveling of Waiting for Godot through a perennial thematic analysis of life’s circumstances that indicates a deep-seated vanity.
Chapter three deals exclusively with the human existential predicament in Ecclesiastes: humans dwell in vanity mainly because death exists and may be the end of the existence of every human mortal.
Chapter four makes a comparison of the two works: Waiting for Godot does not propose a way to cope with the meaninglessness of existence or find the meaning of life—if there even is one—because the world in Waiting for Godot is evidently a world without the possibility of the existence of transcendental help or hope, but Ecclesiastes does provide the possibility of overcoming vanity and the possibility of attaining meaning, on account of the existence of God, especially when it is interpreted, as it should be, as an integral part of the entire Bible.
The last chapter concludes with the conditions necessary for a meaningful life: the promise of eternity and the existence of transcendental help from an Entity who is omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent. Consequently, we can conclude that the meaning of life is love, and since literature presents love, we can say that it is meaningful and substantial, apart from the question of a work’s literary quality.

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