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題名：	台灣製藥廠商的成長驅動因素：技術後進者的觀點
作者：	許文靜
作者(外文)：	Hsu, Wen-Ching
校院名稱：	國立清華大學
系所名稱：	科技管理研究所
指導教授：	胡美智史欽泰
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2017
主題關鍵詞：	製藥產業；成長驅動；領導與治理；技術後進者；決策試驗與評價實驗室法；Biopharmaceutical firms；latecomer；growth of firms；Taiwan；DEMATEL；resource-based theory；institutional theory
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:0

本研究是從技術後進者的觀點，探討台灣製藥廠商的成長驅動因素。全球製藥產業不僅在2022年的總市值將超過一兆美元，也是各國未來產業發展重點，製藥產業的特性複雜嚴謹，對前端技術與知識需求及研發風險皆高且法規繁複，進入該產業具有高度成本及障礙，與其他產業有很大的不同。東亞後進國家（如台灣）雖在過去幾十年已成功發展電子資訊產業（Information and Communication Technology, ICT）產業，但同為高科技的製藥產業發展卻困難重重，檢討如何提振製藥產業的發展，是產官學界亟須共同努力的課題。製藥與ICT雖然都是政府長期推動的重點產業，但是三十多年來兩者成效懸殊，而目前全球生技產業正蓬勃發展，政府也期盼製藥產業能接替ICT產業成為台灣經濟再次興起的動力，故引發作者探討台灣製藥廠商成長遲緩原因的動機，並期望找出改進之著力點。本研究從技術後進者的觀點，聚焦三個研究問題：(1)驅動台灣製藥廠商成長的關鍵因素為何？(2)各成長因素間如何相互影響，而此關係又如何影響廠商的成長績效？(3)ICT廠商的成長驅動因素間的互動模式為何，與製藥廠商的差異何在？本文彙整廠商在動態環境下，與成長驅動因素相關的文獻，以「資源基礎理論」為核心的技術後進追趕策略3Ls理論的三要素：網絡連結、資源槓桿及知識學習，及以「制度理論」為基礎的「領導與治理」、「組織能力」、「外部環境」共組六構面，建立解析影響廠商成長績效的研究架構。透過半結構式訪談製藥與ICT廠商的高階管理者的問卷數據收集與利用決策試驗與評價實驗室法 (Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL)比較分析上市櫃與未上市櫃兩組廠商在不同階段的成長驅動因素模式與座標關係圖。實證結果顯示(1)「領導和治理」是台灣製藥廠商成長最重要的關鍵因素，不但擔任領導者的角色，也扮演在動態環境下協調各成長因素的角色。(2)製藥廠商成長因素中影響力最弱的是「網絡連結」，由於促進「網絡連結」的國內推力與國外拉力都很薄弱，導致累積動態能力的「連結-槓桿-學習」循環無法完全啟動，此斷鍊的情形阻礙了廠商資源槓桿與發展的連動。(3) ICT廠商最重要的關鍵因素則是「組織能力」，其「連結-槓桿-學習」循環已形成，「領導與治理」的影響力位居幕後，「外部環境」的重要性最低，從其持續累積動態能力的過程可應證產業蓬勃發展的能量來源，也是警示製藥廠商的成長因素不足處的最佳對照組。此外，本研究依照廠商發展特徵建立模型：在發展初期，制度因素的影響性與重要性都非常明顯，進入成熟期後，制度因素的影響力則開始內化，取而代之的是資源因素的互動影響力。本研究是少數學術文獻中，以實證方式釐清並驗證成長驅動因素間的相互關係，並補足Ｍathews所提出之後進國家追趕策略的研究缺口。在管理意涵上，(1)探討東亞地區新興產業進入全球產業鏈的障礙因素及其相互因果關係，(2)以實證研究驗證制度與資源的相互關係與對廠商發展的影響關係，找出台灣製藥產業發展受阻的最重要的成長因素，(3)提出產業發展階段因素關係模型為參考。本研究結合理論與實務的研究結果，提供政策規劃及廠商營運策略重新思考之參考，總結來說，本研究之議題對於後進國家發展生物製藥產業極為迫切，同時兼具重要學術意義與實務意涵。

以文找文

This study explores the reasons why the growth of biopharmaceutical firms in latecomer countries such as Taiwan has been slower than information and communication technology (ICT) firms. Unlike prior studies that focus on industry-level driving forces, this study offers a firm-level perspective to explore factors which drive industry growth. By utilizing resource-based theory and institutional theory, this study dentify the unique drivers which influenc the growth of latecomer firms. Meanwhile, using the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to analyse the data that collected from interviews with high-level directors and managers of several public and non-public biopharmaceutical and ICT firms in Taiwan. By comparing the empirical findings, the study argued that the most important growth driver in Taiwan’s biopharmaceutical firms overwhelmingly rely on internal informal factors, namely ‘leadership and governance’. This study reveals Taiwan’s biopharmaceutical firms lack the capability of adapting external institutions and utilizing resources. It shows the disconnection with external industrial dynamics and a misalignment of strategic resources. In contrast, the main driver force of ICT firms is internal formal institutional factor, namely ‘organizational supporting mechanism’. It has built a good resource application loop for ICT firms. The study concludes that such misalignment and disconnection are induced by institutional constraints within the domestic market and network.

以文找文

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