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題名：台灣氫能燃料電池技術創新系統 的演變與轉型
作者：周哲平
作者(外文)：Chou, Che-Ping Justin
校院名稱：國立清華大學
系所名稱：科技管理研究所
指導教授：胡美智
施宗瑩
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2020
主題關鍵詞：技術創新系統；燃料電池；再生能源；台灣；永續發展；technological innovation system；fuel cell；renewable energy；Taiwan；sustainability
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台灣正在推行綠色能源轉型，因我國政府追求的目標是開放電力市場並在2025年時將再生能源裝置容量提升至20%。但能源轉型並不容易，儘管政府由上至下給予強大的激勵措施和補貼資源，社會中的社會嵌入性往往透過一組定義好的腳本例如制度、規範與基礎設施，限制著參與者跟行動者。燃料電池技術正處於新興發展狀態，它正在徹底地革新內燃機動力技術，並提供潔淨、高效與安靜的動力與電力。然而，這是一種新興技術，對現有的價值鏈與社會技術制度提出了挑戰，台灣燃料電池創新系統的經驗可以對新能源參與者在建立技術創新系統時提供些啟示。
本研究使用技術創新系統(TIS)框架來進行台灣燃料電池產業的發展研究。許多亞洲後進者國家，例如台灣，傾向採用由上而下的方式來強調環境問題的重要性，但效果有限。這項研究旨在以台灣的燃料電池創新系統為例，探討為什麼台灣建構了一項技術創新系統來吸引大學、研究機構和公司從事研發與創業活動，但在創新與商業化成果卻有限。由於創新通常是動態與非線性的過程，因此可以利用質性觀察對系統的活動來了解其性能表現。這項研究透過使用嵌入式案例來說明台灣燃料電池創新系統中存在的問題與挑戰，並透過分析七個系統功能活動討論本系統的優缺點，對西方國家的早期燃料電池創新系統研究，以東亞的角度拓展了TIS文獻。此外，案例研究有助於了解組織下的參與者如何利用系統的特徵來發展和生存，以及不同群體的參與者採取的創新策略來達到他們的目標。這項研究有助於從後進者國家的角度增進對再生能源發展的理解，而技術轉型背後的機制和技術創新系統內參與者的戰略則值得密切關注。最後，對政策從業者而言，本研究表明政府的重要作用是建立對可永續發展的未來能源系統的長期願景，提供穩定的環境，清晰一致的政策以及耐心地建立一成功的技術創新系統。
A green energy transition is underway in Taiwan, as our government is pursuing goals to liberalize the electric power sector and to raise up the contribution of renewable energy to 20% by 2025. However, energy transformation is not easy; despite strong top-down efforts such as incentives and subsidies resources, when there is social embeddedness in the society which already restricts actors through a defined set of scripts – institutions, norms, and infrastructures. Fuel cell technology is in an emerging state, radically revolutionizing the internal combustion engine technology and offering clean, efficient, and quiet power and electricity. Yet fuel cell technology is also an emerging technology that challenges the existing value chain and socio-technical systems. Lessons from fuel cell innovation system in Taiwan can offer implications for new energy actors as they build up a technological innovation system.
This study applies the technological innovation system framework to the case of the fuel cell sector in Taiwan. Many Asian latecomers, such as Taiwan, tend to adopt a top-down approach to emphasize the importance of environmental issues, but the results are often limited. This study aims to take Taiwan’s fuel cell innovation system as an example to explore why Taiwan has built a technological innovation system to engage universities, research institutes, and firms to undertake R&D and entrepreneurial activities, but the results were limited with respect to innovation and commercialization outcomes. As the innovation process is often dynamic and non-linear, qualitative measures focusing on system functions can be utilized to understand performance. This research extends the fuel cell TIS literature from earlier studies in western countries, adding an East Asian perspective by identifying the problems and challenges in Taiwan’s fuel cell innovation system, using an embedded case study to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the systems and its seven system functions. Also, the case study helps to understand how organization actors use the characteristics of the system to evolve and survive, and the innovation strategies different groups of actors took to reach their goals.
This study contributes to the increased understanding of the development of renewable energy from the perspective of latecomer nations, whereas the mechanisms behind technological transition and the strategies of actors within technological innovation systems deserve closer attention. Finally, for policy practitioners, the study offers the implication that an important role for the government is to create a long-term vision of a sustainable future energy system, provide a stable environment, clear and consistent policy, and retain the patience to build up a successful technological innovation system.
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