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題名:泰勒論現代社會與相對主義
作者:郭佳靈
作者(外文):KUO,CHIA-LING
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:哲學系
指導教授:史偉民
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:相對主義個人主義現代性理性泰勒relativismindividualismmodernityreasonCharles Taylor
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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現代社會的特徵是多元的價值,現代人甚至認為價值是相對的,只取決於個人的選擇,每一個人都有權決定自己的價值,藉以實現自我,不同的價值之間不能比較。這種自我中心的個人主義導致了許多問題,例如價值的虛無主義。本論文首先描述現代社會中的相對主義傾向,說明學者對它的批評,繼之說明泰勒(Charles Taylor)如何將此一傾向追溯到現代文化的本真性倫理理想。泰勒主張現代文化的柔性相對主義只是本真性倫理理想不適切實現的結果,其正確的實現,並不導致自我中心的個人主義。然而本真性的倫理是現代文化的理想,現代人接受它,是否也是一種文化相對主義的態度?基於此一反思,本文進一步探討價值問題是否有理性論證的空間?實踐理性如何運作?不同的文化是否可以比較
?等等問題,探討泰勒如何回答這些問題。最後,本文也檢討對於泰勒的一些重要批判。
關鍵字: 相對主義、個人主義、現代性、理性、泰勒
Modern society is characterized by the plurality of values. People in the modern culture even think that values are relativistic to individuals’ choices. They believe not only that every person has the right to decide his own value and his own way of self-realization but also that values are not comparable. Such self-centered individualism causes many problems, one of which is value nihilism. This essay at first describes modern society’s relativistic tendency and expounds scholars’ criticism of it. As the next step, it explains how Charles Taylor traces this relativism back to modern society’s moral ideal of authenticity. Taylor maintains that the modern culture’s soft relativism results from an inappropriate realization of the ideal of authenticity, while its proper realization will not lead to self-centered individualism. Yet the ethics of authenticity is the modern culture’s ideal. Is it due to a relativistic stance that people in the modern culture accept the ideal? The reflection prompts this essay to engage itself further with following questions: Can one argue about values rationally? How does practical reason function? Is it possible to adjudicate among different cultures? Taylor’s ideas are thereby investigated. Finally, this essay reviews some important criticism on Taylor’s thoughts.
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