BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY MATERIALS

International Treaties and Agreements

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (Washington, D.C., 02 December 1946, in force 10 November 1948) 161 UNTS 74.

Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (Brussels, 29 November 1969, in force 19 June 1975. Being replaced by 1992 Protocol: Adoption: 27 November 1992; Entry into force: 30 May 1996) 973 UNTS.

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 02 February 1971, in force 1975) 996 UNTS 396 and Regina Amendment, (Regina, 28 May 1987) 996 UNTS 445.

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 (Paris, 16 November 1972, in force 17 December 1975) 1037 UNTS 152.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington D.C., 03 March 1973, in force 01 July 1975) 993 UNTS 224.

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (London, 2 November 1973, in force 2 October 1983) 1340 UNTS 184.

International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (London, 01 November 1974, in force 25 May 1980) 1184 UNTS 277.

Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 23 June 1979, in force 1 November 1983) 1651 UNTS 333.

International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) (London, 30 November 1990, in force 13 May 1995) UNTS 1891.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 10 December 1982, in force 16 November 1994) 1833 UNTS 396.

Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki, 09 April 1992, in force 17 January 2000) 1507 UNTS 166.

Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (Paris, 22 September 1992, in force 25 March 1998) 2534 UNTS 67.

Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 05 June 1992, in force 29 December 1993) 1760 UNTS 79.
Protocol Concerning the Conservation of Biological Diversity and the Establishment of the Network of Protected Areas in the 2005 Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Jeddah, in force 12 December 2005).

Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 (London, 17 February 1978) 1340 UNTS 62.

Protocol Concerning the Protected Areas and Wild Fauna and Flora in the Eastern African Region 1985 (Nairobi, adopted on 21 June 1985, in force 30 May 1996).

Protocol on Special Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean 1995 (Barcelona, adopted on 24 November 1996, last amended on 14 September 2018).

Codes of Conduct, Declarations, Guidelines, Statements, Strategies, Programmes and Plans of Action

Agenda 21, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio De Janeiro, 03-14 June 1992), UNOR, Annex II, UN Doc.A/Conf.151/26/Rev.1 (Vol I).

CBD Secretariat., Programme of Work on Protected Areas (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, 2004).

CMS Strategic Plan 2006-2011, adopted by the COP to the CMS at its 8th Meeting, Nairobi, 20-25 November 2005, UNEP OR, Doc. UNEP/CMS/Resolution 8.2, targets 2.3 and 2.7.

Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, 28th FAO Conference, 31 October 1995 (Rome, FAO, 1995).

Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, “Wadden Sea Plan 2010”, Eleventh Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of the Wadden Sea (Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, 2010).

Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity, including a Programme of Work, Decision IV/5, Annex, 4th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Bratislava, Slovakia, 4-15 May 1998.

CTI-CFF Indonesia, Indonesia National Plan of Action (CTI-CFF, Jakarta, 2009).

CTI-CFF, Regional plan of Action (CTI-CFF, Jakarta, 2009).

CTI-CFF Regional Secretariat, Regional Plan of Action: Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF Regional Secretariat, Manado, 2016).

FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, No. 4, Suppl. 2 (Rome, FAO, 2003).

FAO, Fisheries Management. 4. Marine Protected Areas and Fisheries, FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, No. 4, Suppl. 4 (FAO, Rome, 2011).

Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, Decision VI/9, 6th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, the Hague, Netherlands, 7-19 April 2002.

Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, Decision XI.26, 11th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Hyderabad, India, 8-19 October 2012.

Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas under MARPOL 73/78 and Guidelines for the Identification and Designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, IMO Assembly Res.A.927(22), Annex I, adopted 29 November 2001, IMO OR, 22nd Session, Agenda Item 11, IMO Doc. A 22/Res.927 (2002).

Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas and Identification of Particular Sensitive Areas, IMO 17th session, IMO Assembly Res. A.720 (17) and IMO Doc. A 17/Res 720 (1992).

IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN Species Survival Commission Guidelines on the Use of Ex situ Management for Species Conservation (IUCN, Gland, 2014).

IMO, SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2014 (IMO, London, 2014).

International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (Tokyo, 25-27 March 1998).
International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (Tokyo, 23-27 April 1998).

International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity (Rome, 26-30 October 1998).

International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate IUU fishing (Rome, 02 March 2001).

Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, GA Res.S-19-2, UNGA, 19th special session, Annex, UN Doc. A/RES/S-19/2 (1997).

Revised Guidelines for the Identification and Designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, IMO Assembly Resolution A.982(24), IMO OR, 24th session, Agenda item 11, IMO Doc. A 24/Res.982 (2005).

Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem (Reykjavik, 01-04 October 2001).

UNESCO, Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, 2012)



Directions, Meetings’ Reports, Resolutions, Decisions and Recommendations

Conference of the Contracting Parties of the Ramsar Convention, Recommendation 2.8: Establishment of a protected area in the River Senegal Basin in Mauritania (Groningen, 07-12 May 1984).

Conference of the Contracting Parties of the Ramsar Convention, Recommendation 4.4, 5th: Establishment of Wetland Reserves (Kushiro, 09-16 June 1993).

Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention, Resolution VII.19, 7th: Guidelines for International Cooperation under the Ramsar Convention (San Jose, 10-18 May 1999).

Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention, Resolution VIII.18, 8th: Invasive Species and Wetlands (Valencia, 18-26 November 2002).

Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention, Resolution IX.22, 9th: Ramsar Sites and Systems of Protected Areas (Kampala, 08-15 November 2005).

Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity, Decision II/10, 2nd Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Jakarta, Indonesia, 6-17 November 1995.

Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity, including a Programme of Work, Decision IV/5, Annex, 4th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Bratislava, Slovakia, 4-15 May 1998.

Consolidated Update of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020, Decision X/17, 10th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Nagoya, Aichi Perfecture, Japan, 18-29 October 2010.

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Decisions of the Conference of the Parties to CMS in Effect After its 12th Meeting, adopted by the COP to the CMS at its 12th Meeting, Manila, 23 – 28 October 2017, UNEP OR, Doc. UNEP/CMS/Resolution 11.6.

Framework for Monitoring Implementation of the Achievement of the 2010 Target and Integration of Targets into the Thematic Programmes of Work, Decision VIII/15, 8th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Curitiba, Brazil, 20-31 March 2006.

General Provisions on Ships’ Routeing, IMO Assembly Res.A.572 (14), IMO OR, 14th Session, Agenda item 10(b), IMO Doc. A17/Res.572 (14) (1985).

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention, 1978 (IMCO, London, 1978).
International Whaling Commission, ‘Chair's Report of the 56th Annual Meeting 19-22 July 2004’, (IWC, Sorrento, 2004).

International Whaling Commission, ‘Report of the 66th Meeting of the International Whaling Commission and Associated Meetings and Workshops 02 December 2016’, International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946 (IWC, Portorož, 2016).

IUCN, “The World Conservation Union, Resolution 19.46 of the 19th session of the General Assembly of the IUCN (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1994).

Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity, Decision VII/5, 7th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9-20 February 2004.

Marine and Coastal Biodiversity, Decision X/29, 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya, Japan, 18-29 October 2010.

Monitoring Progress in Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, 11th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Hyderabad, India, 8-19 October 2012, Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/11/35 (2012).

Oceans and the Law of the Sea, UNGA 60th session, GA Res. 60/30 and UN Doc. A/RES/60/30 (2005).

Oceans and the Law of the Sea, UNGA 61th session, GA Res. 61/30 and UN Doc. A/61/63 (2006).

Oceans and the Law of the Sea, UNGA 73th session, GA Res. 73/124 and UN Doc. A/RES/73/124 (2018).

Protected Areas, (Articles 8 (a) to (e)), Annex, Decision VII/28, 7th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9-20 February 2004.

Protected Areas, Decision X/31, 10th Meeting of the COP to CBD, Nagoya, Japan, October 18-29, 2010.

Protected Areas: Progress in the Implementation of the Programme of Work and Achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, Note by the Executive Secretary, 11th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Hyderabad, India, 8-19 October 2012, Doc. No. UNEP/CBD/COP/11/26.

Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972.

Resolution on Assessing the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Area Management, 27th ICRI General Meeting held in Cairns, Australia, July 2012, Doc. ICRIGM27-Reso-Management_effectiveness (2012).
Resolution on Using Co-Management Approaches for Marine Protected Areas and Other Mechanisms for Managing Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems, 28th ICRI General Meeting held in Belize City, Belize, October 2013, Doc. ICRIGM28-Resolution_Co-management (2013).

Results of the Review by the Commission on Sustainable Development of the sectoral theme of “Oceans and Seas”: International Coordination and Cooperation, UNGA 54th session, GA Res. 54/33, and UN Doc. A/RES/54/33 (2000).

Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) (San Francisco, 26 June 1945).

Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, Decision X/2, 10th Meeting of the CBD Conference of Parties, Nagoya, Japan, 18-29 October 2010.

Strategic Plan for the Convention on Biological Diversity, Decision VI/26, 6th Meeting of the COP to the CBD, The Hague, Netherlands, April 7-19, 2002.

The Future We Want, GA Res. 66/288, UNGA OR, Agenda item 19, UN Doc. A/RES/66/288 (2012).

The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972).

Transforming Our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UNGA 17th session, Agenda items 15 and UN Doc. A/RES/70/1.

United Nation Conference on Environment and Development, UNGA Resolution 43/196, UNGA OR, 43rd session, UN Doc. A/RES/43/196 (1988).

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 3-16 June 1992).

UNEP, Report on the 2nd Meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, UN Doc.UNEP/CBD/COP/2/19, 30 November 1995.

World Charter for Nature, UNGA 37th session, GA Res. 37/7 and UN Doc. A/RES/37/7 (1982).

National Regulations

Basic Environment Act 2002 (Taipei, 11 December 2002).

California Administrative Procedure Act 1946 (Cal. Govt. Code § 11340–11365.).

California Marine Life Protection Act 1999 (West's Ann. Cal. Fish & G. Code § 2850 – 2863).

Decree of The Director General of Surveillance for Marine and Fisheries Resources Number 17/ PERMEN-KP/ 2014 Concerning Surveillance of Marine Resources and Fisheries (Jakarta, 12 May 2017, in force 12 May 2017).
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 (Date of assent on 20 June 1975, last amendment and in force on 29 October 2018) Compilation No. 34, Act No. 85 of 1975.

Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China 1998 (Taipei, 21 January 1998).

Organization Act of Coast Guard Administration, Ocean Affairs Council 2015 (Taipei, 01 July 2015) promulgated in accordance with the order Hwa-Zong-Yi-Zi No. 10400077051.

Organizational Act of the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan 1984 (Taipei, 20 July 1984, last amendment on 14 January 2004) promulgated in accordance with the Order Tai-Nung-Tzu No. 0930000295.

Organizational Act of the Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan 1998 (Taipei, 24 June 1998, last amendment on 14 January 2004) Presidential Order (87) Hua-Tsung (1) Yi-Tzu No. 8700123.

Organization Act of the Ocean Affairs Council 2015 (Taipei, 01 July 2015, in force 01 July 2015) promulgated by Presidential Order Hwa-Zong-Yi-Zi No. 10400077031.

Organization Act of Ocean Conservation Administration, Ocean Affairs Council 2015 (Taipei, 01 July 2015) promulgated in accordance with the order Hwa-Zong-Yi-Zi No. 10400077041.

Presidential Decree Number 43/1978 Concerning Approval of Amendment of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973. (Jakarta, 14 January 1987, in force 14 January 1987) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5/1987.

Presidential Decree Number 48/1991 concerning Ratification of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Jakarta, 19 October 1991, in force 19 October 1991).

Presidential Decree 102/2001 Concerning Position, Duties, Functions, Authority, Organizational Structure and Work Procedures of the Department (Jakarta, 13 September 2001, in force 13 September 2001).

Regulations Governing the Management of Designated Scenic Areas (Taipei, 01 December 1979, last amendment on 15 December 2017).

Taiwan Code of Civil Procedure 1930 (Taipei, 26 February 1930, in force 01 February 1935, last amendment on 28 November 2018).

The Act for the Development of Tourism 1969 (Taipei, 30 July 1969, last amendment on 19 June 2019).

The Act Number 1/2014 Concerning the Amendment of The Act Number 27/2007 Concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands (Jakarta, 15 January 2014, in force 15 January 2014) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2/2014.

The Act Number 4/1960 Concerning Indonesian Waters (Jakarta, 18 February 1960, in force 18 February 1960) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22/1960.

The Act Number 05/1990 Concerning Conservation of Living Resources and Their Ecosystems (Jakarta, 10 August 1990, in force 10 August 1990) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 49/1990.

The Act Number 05/1994 Concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (Jakarta, 01 Agustus 1994, in force 01 Agustus 1994) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41/1994.

The Act Number 17/2008 Concerning Shipping (Jakarta, 07 May 2008, in force 07 May 2008) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 64/2008.

The Act Number 23/2014 Concerning Local Government (Jakarta, 30 September 2014, in force 02 October 2014) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 244/2014.

The Act Number 27/2007 Concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands (Jakarta, 17 July 2007, in force 17 July 2007) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 84/2007.

The Act Number 31/2004 Concerning Fisheries (Jakarta, 06 October 2004, in force 06 October 2004) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 118/2004.

The Act Number 32/2004 Concerning Local Government (Jakarta, 15 October 2004, in force 15 October 2004) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 125/2004.

The Act Number 32/2009 Concerning Environmental Protection and Management (Jakarta, 03 October 2009, in force 03 October 2009) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 140/2009.

The Act Number 32/2014 Concerning Law of The Sea (Jakarta, 17 October 2014, in force 17 October 2014) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 294/2014.

The Act Number 34/2004 Concerning Indonesian Armed Forces (Jakarta, 16 October 2004, in force 16 October 2004). State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 127/2004.

The Act Number 39/2008 Concerning State Ministries (Jakarta, 06 November 2008, in force 06 November 2008) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 166/2008.

The Act Number 45/2009 Concerning Amendment to the Act Number 31/2004 Concerning Fisheries (Jakarta, 29 October 2009, in force 29 October 2009) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 154/2009.

The Coastal Zone Management Act 2015 (Taipei, 04 February 2015) promulgated by President Order Hua-Tsung (1)-Yi-Tzu No.10400012591.

The Coast Guard Act, Ocean Affairs Council 2000 (Taipei, 26 January 2000, last amendment on 21 June 2019).

The Cultural Heritage Preservation Act 1982 (Taipei, 26 May 1982, last amendment on 27 July 2016).

The Enforcement Rules of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1989 (Taipei, 31 March 1990, last amendment on 13 July 2018).

The Fisheries Act 1929 (Taipei, 11 November 1929, in force 01 July 1930, last amendment on 26 December 2018) promulgated by Presidential Order Hua-Tsung (1) No. 10700140851.

The Government Regulation Number 60/2007 Concerning Fish Resource Conservation (Jakarta, 16 November 2007, in force 16 November 2007) State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 134/2007.

The Marine Pollution Control Act 2000 (Taipei, 01 November 2000, last amendment on 04 June 2014) promulgated by Presidential Order Tzong-Tung-Hwa-Tzong-1-Yi-Tzu No. 10300085201.

The Memorandum of Understanding Between the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States and the American Institute in Taiwan Concerning Cooperation in Fisheries and Aquaculture 2013 (Taipei, 18 June 2013).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 02/MEN/ 2009 Concerning the Procedure for Establishing Marine Protected Areas (Jakarta, 12 February 2009, in force 12 February 2009).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 11 /PER-DJPSDKP/2017 Concerning Implementation of Fisheries Supervision Duties (Jakarta, 14 April 2014, in force 21 April 2014).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 13/ PERMEN-KP/ 2014 Concerning Network of Marine Protected Areas (Jakarta, 19 March 2014, in force 19 March 2014).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 14/ PERMEN-KP/ 2016 Concerning Criteria and Categories of Marine Protected Areas for Aquatic Nature Tourism (Jakarta, 04 April 2016, in force 07 April 2016).
The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 17/MEN/ 2008 Concerning Conservation Areas in Coastal Areas and Small Islands (Jakarta, 17 September 2008, in force 17 September 2008).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 21/ PERMEN-KP/ 2015 Concerning Partnership for Management of Marine Protected Areas (Jakarta, 19 June 2015, in force 26 June 2015).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 30/MEN/ 2010 Concerning Management Plan and Zoning of Marine Protected Areas (Jakarta, 30 December 2010, in force 30 December 2010).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 47/ PERMEN-KP/ 2016 Concerning Utilization of Marine Protected Areas (Jakarta, 08 December 2016, in force 09 December 2016).

The Ministerial Decree of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 63/2014 concerning Management and Zoning Plans for the Raja Ampat Islands (Jakarta, 17 October 2014, in force 17 October 2014).

The Minister of Environment Decree Number 4/2001 concerning Standard Criteria for Damage to Coral Reefs (Jakarta, 23 February 2001, in force 23 February 2001).

The National Park Law 1972 (Taipei, 13 June 1972, last amendment on 12 August 2010) promulgated by ROC Presidential Decree #878.

The President of Republic Indonesia Decree Number 115/ 2015 Concerning Task Force on the Eradication of Illegal Fishing (Jakarta, 19 October 2015, in force 20 October 2015).

The Spatial Planning Act 2016 (Taipei, 06 January 2016).

The Underwater Cultural Heritage Preservation Act 2015 (Taipei, 09 December 2015) promulgated by Presidential Order Hua-Zong-(1)-Yi-Zih No. 10400143861.

The Wetland Conservation Act 2013 (Taipei, 03 July 2013) promulgated by Presidential Order No. Hua-Zong-Yi-Yi 10200127201.

The Wildlife Conservation Act 1989 (Taipei, 23 June 1989, last amendment on 23 January 2013).

Cases

Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (United Kingdom v. Iceland), (1973) I.C.J Rep. 3.

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons Case, Advisory Opinion, (1996) I.C.J Rep. 226.

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, (1986) I.C.J. Rep.14.

North Sea Continental Shelf Case (Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands), (1969) I.C.J. Rep. 4.

Southwest Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa, Liberia v. South Africa), 2nd phase (1966) I.C.J. Rep.6.

SECONDARY MATERIALS

Books

Abdulla, A. A., Bastian Bertzky, David O. Obura, Shi-Yichuan., Marine Natural Heritage and the World Heritage List : Interpretation of World Heritage Criteria in Marine Systems, Analysis of Biogeographic Representation of Sites, and A Roadmap for Addressing Gaps (IUCN, Gland, 2013).

Adams, Alexander B., (eds), In First World Conference on National Parks (National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1962).

Agardy, T., Marine Protected Areas and Ocean Conservation (Academic Press, London, 1997).

Agardy, Tundi., Ocean Zoning: Making Marine Management More Effective (Earthscan, London, 2010).

Alvarez, J. E., The Public International Law Regime Governing International Investment (Brill, Leiden, 2011).

Andenas, Mads., and Duncan Fairgrieve, Courts and Comparative Law (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015).

Arnscheidt, Julia., Debating Nature Conservation: Policy, Law and Practice in Indonesia, Vol. I (Leiden, Leiden University Press, 2009).

Australia’s Department of the Environment and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Reef 2050 Long-Term Sustainability Plan (Commonwealth of Australia, Queensland, 2015).

Beierle, T.C., and Jerry Coyford, Democracy in Practice: Public Participation in Environmental Decisions (Routledge, New York, 2010).

Birnie, Patricia., Alan Boyle, and Catherine Redgwell, International Law and the Environment (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009).

Bishop K., N. Dudley, and A. Phillips, Speaking A Common Language: The Uses and Performances of The IUCN System of Management Categories for Protected Areas (IUCN, Gland, 2004).
California Department of Fish and Game, California Marine Life Protection Act Master Plan for
Marine Protected Areas (California Department of Fish and Game, California, 2016).

California Department of Fish and Game, Master Plan for Marine Protected Areas: Revised Draft January 2008 (California Department of Fish and Game, California, 2008).

Carleton, Ray., and Elgin Ciampi, The Underwater Guide to Marine Life (A. S. Barnes Company, New York, 1956).

Carson, Ray., The Sea Around Us (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1951).

Carter, Barry E., Allen S. Weiner and Duncan B. Hollis., International Law (Wolters Kluwer, New York, 2018).

Carter, Eleanor., Ari Soemodinoto and Alan T. White, Guide for Improving Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness in Indonesia (The Nature Conservancy Indonesia, Bali, 2011).

Caveen, Alex.,Nick Polunin, Tim Gray, and Selina Stead, The Controversy over Marine Protected Areas: Science Meets Policy (Springer, New York, 2015).

Chaffee, Frederic H., George E Aurell, Helen A. Barth, Ann S. Cort, and John H. Dombrowski, Area Handbook for the Republic of China (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1972).

Chircop, Aldo., Ted McDorman and Susan Rolston (eds), The Future of Ocean Regime-Building: Essays in Tribute to Douglas Johnston (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2009).

Craig, R.K., J.C. Nagle, Bruce Pardy et al., Ecosystem Management and Sustainability (Berkshire Publishing Group, Massachusetts, 2012).

Day, J., N. Dudley, and M. Hockings, Guidelines for Applying the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories to Marine Protected Areas (IUCN, Gland, 2012).

De Fontaubert, Charlotte., David R. Downes, and Tundi Agardy, Biodiversity in the Seas : Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in Marine and Coastal habitats (IUCN, Gland, 1996).

D’Amato, Anthony., International Law Sources (Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2004).

Douvere, Fanny., World Heritage Marine Sites: Managing Effectively the World’s Most Iconic Marine Protected Areas (UNESCO, Paris, 2015).

Dudley, Nigel., Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories (IUCN, Gland, 2008).

Elbers, Jörg., Las Areas Protegidas de América Latina: Situación Actual y Perspectivas Para el Futuro (The Protected Areas of Latin America: Current Situation and Perspectives for the Future (IUCN, Quito, 2011).

Elster, Jon., Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge. University Press, Cambridge, 1998).

Evans, Malcolm (eds)., International Law (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009).

Fraga, Julia., and Ana Jesus, Coastal and Marine Protected Areas in Mexico (International Collective in Support of Fishworkers, Chennai, 2008).

Frank, V., The European Community and Marine Environmental Protection in the International Law of the Sea (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2007).

Gillespie, Alexander., Protected Areas and International Environmental Law (Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2007).

Goulletquer, Philippe.,Philippe Gros, Boeuf Gilles, and Jacques Weber, Biodiversity in the Marine Environment, Vol. I (Springer, Berlin, 2014).

Gubbay, Susan (eds)., Marine Protected Areas: Principles and Techniques for Management (Springer, Berlin, 1995).

Harroy, Jean-Paul., and Richard van Osten (eds), In World National Parks Progress and Opportunities (Hayez, Brussels, 1962).

Hess, Sebastiaan., S. Neil Larsen, and Craig Leisher, TNC Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area: Perception Monitoring Trend Analysis (The Nature Conservancy, Bali, 2011).

Hill, Lowine Stella., Jodi Ann Johnson, and Jan Adamowski, “Meeting Aichi Target 11: Equity Considerations in Marine Protected Areas Design,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 134(1), 2016, pp. 112-119.

Hoagland, Porter., John H Steele, S A Thorpe and Karl K Turekian (eds), Marine Policy & Economics : A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Academic Press, London, 2010).

Hoyt, Erich., Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: A World Handbook for Cetacean Habitat Conservation and Planning (Earthscan, New York, 2011).

Hsu, Sara., Lessons in Sustainable Development from China & Taiwan (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2013).

Humphreys, John., and Robert Clark, Marine Protected Areas: Science, Policy and Management (Elsevier, London, 2019).

Hunnam, Peter., Lessons in Conservation for People and Projects in the Pacific Islands Region (United Nations Development Programme, New York, 2002).

Hurst William., Ruling Before the Law: The Politics of Legal Regimes in China and Indonesia (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018).

Hutchings, P., M.J. Kingsford and O.H. Guldberg, The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management (Springer, Dordrecht, 2008).

Indonesian National Statistical Bureau, Poverty Profile in Indonesia March 2019 (National Statistical Bureau, Jakarta, 2019).

IUCN., Protected Areas of the World : A Review of National Systems (IUCN Publications, Gland, 1992).

J., Elkington, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Capstone, Oxford, 1997).

Joppa, Lucas N., Jonathan E. M. Baillie and John G. Robinson (eds), Protected Areas: Are They Safeguarding Biodiversity? (Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2016).

Karim, Md. Saiful., Prevention of Pollution of the Marine Environment from Vessels (Springer, Cham, 2016).

Kachel, Markus J., Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas: The IMO's Role in Protecting Vulnerable Marine Areas (Springer, Berlin, 2008).

Keeling, Stephen., The Rough Guide to Taiwan (Rough Guides, London, 2011).

Kelleher, Graeme., Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas (IUCN, Gland, 1999).

Keenleyside K., N. Dudley and S. Cairns, Ecological Restoration for Protected Areas (IUCN, Gland, 2012).
.
Kidd, Sue., Andy Plater and Chris Frid (eds), The Ecosystem Approach to Marine Planning and Management (Routledge, New York, 2011).

Kopylova, S.L., and N.R. Danilina, Protected Area Staff Training: Guidelines for Planning and Management (IUCN, Gland, 2011).

Lafoley, Dan., Alan T. White, Stacey Kilarski et al., Establishing Resilient Marine Protected Area Networks — Making It Happen (IUCN-WCPA, Washington, D.C, 2008).

Lawrence, David., Richard Kenchington and Simon Woodley, The Great Barrier Reef: Finding the Right Balance (Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2002).

Lockwood, M., G. Worboys, and A. Kothari (eds), Managing Protected Areas: A Global Guide (Earthscan, London, 2006).

MacGregor, Arthur (eds)., Naturalists in the Field: Collecting, Recording and Preserving the Natural World from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century (Brill, Leiden, 2018).

Markel, Patchen., Bound By Recognition (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2003).

Matthews, G. V. T., The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: its History and Development (Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, 1993).

Mauerhofer, Volker (ed)., Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development: Horizontal and Sectorial Policy Issues (Dordrecht, Springer, 2016).

McBeath, Gerald A., and Tse-Kang Leng, Governance of Biodiversity Conservation in China and Taiwan, Vol. I (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, 2006).

McConville, Mike., and Wing Hong Chui (eds), Research Methods for Law (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, Ltd., 2007).

Mengerink, Kathryn., Adam Schempp, and Jay Austin, Ocean and Coastal Ecosystem-Based Management: Implementation Handbook, Vol. I (Environmental Law Institute Publications, Washington, D.C, 2009).

Miles, Edward L., Steinar Andresen, Elaine M. Carlin, Jon Birger Skjærseth, Arild Underdal and Jørgen Wettestad, Environmental Regime Effectiveness: Confronting Theory with Evidence (MIT Press, Massachusetts, 2001).

Møller, Jørgen., State Formation, Regime Change, and Economic Development (Routledge, New York, 2017).

Nordquist, Myron H., John Norton Moore and Ronán Long (eds), International Marine Economy: Law and Policy (Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, 2017).

Novaczek, Irene., Ingvild Harkes, J. Sopacua and M.D.D. Tatuhey, An Institutional Analysis of Sasi Laut in Maluku, Indonesia (ICLARM – The World Fish Center, Penang, 2001).

Paton, D., and S. Sagala (eds), Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Environmental, Social and Cultural Aspects (Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, Illinois, 2018).

Peacock. Anthony A., Freedom and the Rule of Law (Lexington Books, Lanham, 2009).

Perrin, William F., Bernd Würsig and J.G.M. Thewissen (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Academic Press, Massachusetts, 2009).

Randers, Jorgen., Johan Rockström, Per Espen Stoknes, Ulrich Golüke, David Collste and Sarah Cornell, Transformation is Feasible: How to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals Within Planetary Boundaries (Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, 2018).

Ray, G. Carleton., Jerry McCormick-Ray and Robert L. Smith Jr., Marine Conservation: Science, Policy, and Management (Wiley, New Jersey, 2014).

Reynolds, Amy., and Brooke Barnett, Communication and Law: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Research (Routledge, New York, 2012).

Rittberger, Volker., and Peter Mayer, Regime Theory and International Relations (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995).

Roberts, Callum., The Unnatural History of the Sea (Island Press, London, 2007).

Rozzi, R., F.S. Chapin III, J. B. Callicott, S.Pickett, M.E. Power, J.J. Armesto, and R.H. May Jr (eds), Earth Stewardship: Linking Ecology and Ethics in Theory and Practice (Springer, Berlin, 2015) pp. 351-366.

Samoilys, Melita., K. Osuka , N. Muthiga and A. Harris, Locally Managed Fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean: A Review of Past and Present Initiatives (Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, Zanzibar, 2017).

Salm, Rodney V., John R. Clark and Erkki Siirila, Marine and Coastal Protected Areas : A Guide for Planners and Managers, 3rd edition (IUCN, Gland, 2000).

Scheiber, H.N., Nilufer Oral and M.S. Kwon (eds), Ocean Law Debates The 50-Year Legacy and Emerging Issues for the Years Ahead (Brill, Leiden, 2018).

Scovazzi, Tullio., Marine Specially Protected Areas: the General Aspects and the Mediterranean Regional System (Kluwer Law International, Hague, 1999).

Sherman, K., L.M. Alexander, and Susan Mcmurray., Biomass Yields And Geography Of Large Marine Ecosystems (Westview Press, Colorado, 1989).

Steele, J.H., S A Thorpe and K.K Turekian (eds), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2010).

Strati, Anastasia., Maria Gavouneli and Nikolaus Skourtos (eds), Unresolved Issues and New Challenges tothe Law of the Sea (Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2006).

Taiwan’s Government Information Office, The Republic of China Yearbook 2010 (Taiwan’s Government Information Office, Taipei, 2010).
Tench, Ralph., William Sun and Brian Jones, Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility: Perspectives and Practice (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, Bradford, 2014).

Titcomb, Margaret., Native Use of Fish in Hawaii (University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1972).

Tobin, Brendan., Indigenous Peoples, Customary Law and Human Rights - Why Living Law Matters (Earthscan, New York, 2014).

Toropova, Caitlyn., Imèn Meliane, Dan Laffoley, Elizabeth Matthews and Mark Spalding, Global Ocean Protection: Present Status and Future Possibilities (IUCN, Gland, 2010).

Tyler, Tom. R., Why People Obey the Law (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2006).

Uberoi, N.K., Environmental Management (Excel Books, New Delhi, 2004).

US National Research Council., Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001).

Van der Duim, R., Machiel Lamers and Jakomijn van Wijk (eds), Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Dynamic Perspective (Dordrecht, Springer, 2015).

Wells, Sue., V. Sheppard, H. van Lavieren, N. Barnar, F. Kershaw, C. Corrigan, K. Teleki, P. Stock and E. Adler, National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas: A Review of Progress (UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, 2008).

Wilson, D.C., J.R. Nielsen, and P. Degnbol (eds), The Fisheries Co-management Experience (Dordrecht, Springer, 2003).

Winter, Gerd., Towards Sustainable Fisheries Law: A Comparative Analysis, No.74 (IUCN, Gland, 2009).

Whiteman, Liz., Erin Meyer, Tess Freidenburg et al., State of the California Central Coast: Results from Baseline Monitoring of Marine Protected Areas 2007–2012 (California Ocean Science Trust and California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California, 2013).

Journal Articles

Abelson, A., P.A. Nelson, G.J. Edgar, N. Shashar, D.C. Reed, J. Belmaker, G. Krause, M.W. Beck, E. Brokovich, R. France and S.D. Gaines, “Expanding Marine Protected Areas to Include Degraded Coral Reefs,” Conservation Biology, Vol. 30(6), 2016, pp. 1182-1191.

Andre Abraham, “Maritime Law Enforcement and Compliance in Indonesia: Problems and Recommendations,” Indonesian Journal of International Law, Vol. 15(1), 2015, pp. 1-10.

Aycrigg, J.L., Anne Davidson, Leona K. Svancara, Kevin J. Gergely, Alexa McKerrow and J. Michael Scott, “Representation of Ecological Systems within the Protected Areas Network of the Continental United States,” PLoS One, Vol. 8(1), 2013, pp. 1-15.

Adenle, A.A., C.Stevens and P. Bridgewater, “Stakeholder Visions for Biodiversity Conservation in Developing Countries,” Sustainability, Vol. 7(1), 2015, pp. 271-293.

Agardy, T., Peter Bridgewater, Michael P. Crosby, Jon Day, Paul K. Dayton, Richard Kenchington, Dan Laffoley, Patrick McConney, Peter A. Murray, John E. Parks and Lelei Peau “Dangerous Targets? Unresolved Issues and Ideological Clashes Around Marine Protected Areas,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 13(4), 2003, pp. 353-367.

Alder, J., N.Sloan and H.Uktolseya, “Advances in Marine Protected Area Management in Indonesia: 1988–1993,” Coastal Management, Vol. 25(1), 1994, pp. 63-75.

Alfred, Hu Nien-Tsu., “Taiwan's Oceans Policymaking: Its Development and Assessment,” Coastal Management, Vol. 40(2), 2012, pp. 195-208.

Aller, E., N.S. Jiddawi, and J.S. Eklöf, “Marine Protected Areas Increase Temporal Stability of Community Structure, But Not Density or Diversity, of Tropical Seagrass Fish Communities,” PLoS One, Vol. 12(8), 2017, pp. 1-23.

Allison, G.W., J. Lubchenco and M.H. Carr, “Marine Reserves Are Necessary But Not Sufficient for Marine Conservation,” Ecological Applications, Vol. 8(1), 1998, pp. 79-92.

Assembe-Mvondo, Samuel., “The Customary Law Nature of Sustainable Forest Management States Practice in Central America and European Union,” Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 3(2), 2010, pp. 58-70.

Badola, Ruchi., “Institutional Arrangements for Managing Tourism in the Indian Himalayan Protected Areas,” Tourism Management, Vol. 66(1), 2018, pp. 1-12.

Balbar, A.C., and Anna Metaxas, “The Current Application of Ecological Connectivity in the
Design of Marine Protected Areas,” Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol. 17(1), 2019, pp. 1-20.

Ban, Natalie C., Vanessa Adams, Robert L. Pressey and John Hicks, “Promise and Problems for Estimating Management Costs of Marine Protected Areas,” Conservation Letters, Vol. 4(3), 2011, pp. 241-252.

Barcena, Alicia., “UNCED and Ocean and Coastal Management,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 10(1), 1992, pp. 15-53.

Bardin, Anne., “Coastal State Coastal State's Jurisdiction o s Jurisdiction over Foreign Vessels,” Pace International Law Review, Vol. 14(1), 2002, pp. 28-75.
Barelli, Mauro., “The Role of Soft Law in the International Legal System: The Case of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 58(4), 2009, pp. 957-983.

Barnes, Richard., “The Proposed LOSC Implementation Agreement on Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction and its Impact on International Fisheries Law,” International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 31(4), 2016, pp. 1-37.

Bastmeijer, K., and S. van Henge, “The Role of the Protected Area Concept in Protecting the World’s Largest Natural Reserve: Antarctica,” Utrecht Law Review, Vol. 5(1), 2009, pp. 61-79.

Batisse, Michel., “Development and Implementation of the Biosphere Reserve Concept and Its Applicability to Coastal Regions,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 17(2), 1990, pp. 111-116.

Batory, Agnes., and Sara Svensson, “Regulating Collaboration: The Legal Framework of Collaborative Governance in Ten European Countries,” International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 42(15), 2019, pp. 1-10.

Bayode, O.J Ajilowo., E.A. Adewunmi and Sogbon Odunwole, “Environmental Implications of Oil Exploration and Exploitation in the Coastal Region of Ondo State, Nigeria: A Regional Planning Appraisal,” Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Vol. 4(3), 2011, pp. 110-121.

Bedner, Adriaan., and Stijn van Huis, “The Return of the Native in Indonesian Law: Indigenous Communities in Indonesian Legislation,” Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, Vol. 164(2), 2008, pp. 65–193.

Beitl, C.M., “Decentralized Mangrove Conservation and Territorial Use Rights in Ecuador’s Mangrove-Associated Fsheries,” Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 93 (1), 2017, pp. 117–136.

Béné, Christophe., Bjørn Hersoug, and Edward H. Allison., “Not by Rent Alone: Analysing the Pro‐Poor Functions of Small‐Scale Fisheries in Developing Countries,” Development Policy Review, Vol. 28(3), 2010, pp. 325-358.

Bennett, N.J., “From Measuring Outcomes to Providing Inputs: Governance, Management, and Local Development for More Effective Marine Protected Areas,” Marine Policy, Vol. 50(1), 2014, pp. 96-110.

Bennett, N.J., and Terre Satterfield, “Environmental Governance: A Practical Famework to Guide Design, Evaluation, and Analysis,” Conservation Letters, Vol. 11(1), 2018, pp. 1-13.

Berkes, F., “Community Conserved Areas: Policy Issues in Historic and Contemporary Context,” Conservation Letters, Vol. 2(1), 2009, pp. 19-24.
Björklund, Mona I., “Achievements in Marine Conservation, I. Marine Parks,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 1(3), 1974, pp. 205-217.

Bond, N.R., P. S. Lake and A.H. Arthington, “The Impacts of Drought on Freshwater Ecosystems: An Australian Perspective,” Hydrobiologia, Vol. 600(1), 2008, pp. 3-16.

Boonzaier, Lisa., and Daniel Pauly, “Marine Protection Targets: An Updated Assessment of Global Progress,” Oryx, Vol. 50(1), 2016, pp. 27-35.

Brasier, M. J., S. M. Grant ,P. N. Trathan, L. Allcock, O. Ashford, H. Blagbrough, A. Brandt, B. Danis, R. Downey, M. P. Eléaume, P. Enderlein, C. Ghiglione, O. Hogg, K. Linse, M. Mackenzie, C. Moreau, L. F. Robinson, E. Rodriguez, V. Spiridonov, A. Tate, M. Taylor, C. Waller,H. Wiklund and H. J. Griffiths, “Benthic Biodiversity in the South Orkney Islands Southern Shelf Marine Protected Area,” Biodiversity, Vol. 19(2), 2018, pp. 5-19.

Brown, J.B., and A. Archer, “In Defence of Biodiversity,” Biology & Philosophy, Vol. 32(6), 2017, pp. 969–997.

Bustamante, G., Purificación Canals, Giuseppe Di Carlo, Marina Gomei, Marie Romani, Helene Souan and Alessandra Vanzella‐Khouri, “Marine Protected Areas Management in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas: Making Them More Than Paper Parks,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 24(2), 2014, pp. 153-165.

Cahaya, Andi., “Fishermen Community in the Coastal Area: A Note from Indonesian Poor Family,” Procedia Economics and Finance, Vol. 26(1), 2015, pp. 29-33.

Campbell, S.J., “Co-Management Approaches and Incentives Improve Management Effectiveness in the Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia,” Marine Policy, Vol. 41 (1), 2013, pp. 72–79.

Campbell, S.J., A.S. Hoey, and J. Maynard, “Weak Compliance Undermines the Success of No-Take Zones in a Large Government-Controlled Marine Protected Area,” PLoS ONE, Vol. 7(11), 2012, pp. 1-12.

Carr, M.H., “Comparing Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems: Implications for the Design of Coastal Marine Reserves,” Ecological Applications, Vol. 13(1), 2003, pp. 90-107.

Carr, M.H., Emily Saarman and M.R. Caldwell, “The Role of “Rules of Thumb” in Science-Based Environmental Policy: California’s Marine Life Protection Act as a Case Study,” Stanford Journal of Law, Science & Policy, Vol. 2(1), 2010, pp. 2-15.

Carr, M.H., J. W. White, Emily Saarman et al., “Marine Protected Areas Exemplify the Evolution of Science and Policy,” Oceanography, Vol. 32(3), 2019, pp. 94 - 103.

Carson, Mike T. and Hiro Kurashina., “Re-Envisioning Long-Distance Oceanic Migration: Early Dates in the Mariana Islands,” World Archaeology, Vol. 44(3), 2012, pp. 409-435.

Catalinac, Amy L., and Gerald Chan, “Japan, the West, and the Whaling Issue: Understanding the Japanese Side,” Japan Forum, Vol. 17(1), 2005, pp. 133-163.

Chang, G. Andy., and T. Y. Wang, “Taiwanese or Chinese? Independence or Unification?: An Analysis of Generational Differences in Taiwan,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 40(2), 2005, pp. 29–49.

Chang, Kuei-Chao., “An Exploration of Stakeholder Conflict Over the Taiwanese Marine Protected Area,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 55(1), 2012, pp. 36-41.

Chen, Chung-Ling and Chen-Hao Tsai, “Marine Environmental Awareness Among University Students in Taiwan: A Potential Signal for Sustainability of the Oceans,” Environmental Education Research, Vol. 22(7), 2016, pp. 958-977.

Chen, Chung-Ling., Tuey-Chih Lee, Chien-Ho Liu, “Beyond Sectoral Management: Enhancing Taiwan's Coastal Management Framework Through A New Dedicated law,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 169(1), 2019, pp. 157-164.

Chen, J.L., Y.S. Lin and C.T. Chuang “Improving the Management of Taiwanese Fishery Resource Conservation Zones Based on Public Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Services,” Journal of Coastal Conservation, Vol. 22(2), 2018, pp. 1-37.

Chiau, Wen-Yan., “Changes in the Marine Pollution Management System in Response to the Amorgos Oil Spill in Taiwan,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 51(1), 2005, pp. 1041-1047.

Chiau, Wen-Yan., “Lagoon Management and Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation: Issues and Challenges in the Greater Chiku Area, Taiwan,” Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 39 (2), 2006, pp. 912-914.

Chou, Lien-Sing., “Progress Report of Cetacean Research and Conservation in Taiwan,” Fisheries Science, Vol. 68(1), 2002, pp. 248-251.

Chuang, Ching-Ta., “Critical Success Factors Analysis of Implementing MPA at the Yilan Gueishan Island, Taiwan,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 21(4), 2013, pp. 423-429.

Chung, Huey-Shian., “Recent Developments and Challenges of Ocean Laws in Taiwan,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, Vol. 2(2), 2017, pp. 338–346.

Cicin-Sain, B., and S. Belfiore, “Linking Marine Protected Areas to Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: A Review of Theory and Practice,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 48(1), 2005, pp. 847–868.

Cinner, J.E., T.M. Daw, T.R. McClanahan, N. Muthiga, C. Abunge, S. Hamed, B. Mwaka, A. Rabearisoa, A. Wamukota, E. Fisher, and N. Jiddawi, “Transitions Toward Co-Management: The Process of Marine Resource Management Devolution in Three East African Countries,” Global Environmental Change, Vol. 22(3), 2012, pp. 651-658.

Clifton, Julian., “Compensation, Conservation and Communities: An Analysis of Direct Payments Initiatives Within an Indonesian Marine Protected Area,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 40(3), 2013, pp. 287-295.

Clifton, Julian., “Prospects for Co-Management in Indonesia's Marine Protected Areas,” Marine Policy, Vol. 27(5), 2003, pp. 389-395.

Costa, B.H. e., J. Claudet, and G. Franco, “A Regulation-Based Classification System for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs),” Marine Policy, Vol. 72(1), 2016, pp. 192–198.

Costello, M.J., and B. Ballantine, “Biodiversity Conservation Should Focus on No-Take Marine Reserves: 94% of Marine Protected Areas Allow Fishing,” Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 30(9), 2015.

Daryono, Budi Setiadi., “Havoc in Paradise: A Reflection on Indonesian Coral Reef Damage in Raja Ampat,” International Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 2(3), 2017, p. 99.

Davidson, Janet., “The Prehistory of Western Polynesia,” Journal de la Société des Océanistes, Vol. 70(1), 1981, pp. 100-110.

Day, J.C., “Effective Public Participation is Fundamental for Marine Conservation—Lessons from a Large-Scale MPA,” Coastal Management, Vol. 45(6), 2017, pp. 470-486.

Day, J.C., “The Need and Practice of Monitoring, Evaluating and Adapting Marine Planning and Management-Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef,” Marine Policy, Vol. 31(4), 2016, pp. 1-37.

Day, J.C., “Zoning—Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 45(3), 2002, pp. 139-156.

Day, J.C., R.A. Kenchington, John M. Tanzer et al., “Marine Zoning Revisited: How Decades of Zoning the Great Barrier Reef Has Evolved As An Effective Spatial Planning Approach for Marine Ecosystem‐Based Management,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 29(2), 2019, pp. 09-32.

De la Fayette, Louise., “The Marine Environment Protection Committee: The Conjunction of the Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law’,” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 16(2), 2001, pp. 155-238.

De La Fayette, Louise., “The Protection of the Marine Environment 1999,” Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 30(1-2), 2000, pp. 51-60.

De Santo, E.M., “Missing Marine Protected Area (MPA) Targets: How the Push for Quantity Over Quality Undermines Sustainability and Social Justice,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 124(1), 2013, pp. 137-146.

Di Franco, A., P. Thiriet, and G. Di Carlo, “Five Key Attributes Can Increase Marine Protected Areas Performance for Small-Scale Fisheries Management,” Scientific Reports, Vol. 6(38135), 2016, pp. 1-9.

Di Minin, Enrico., and Tuuli Toivonen, “Global Protected Area Expansion: Creating More than Paper Parks,” BioSciences, Vol. 65(7), 2015, pp. 637–638.

Dirhamsyah, “IUU Fishing in Indonesia’s Live Reef Fisheries,” Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, Vol. 4(2), 2012, pp. 44–52.

Dirhamsyah, “Maritime Law Enforcement and Compliance in Indonesia: Problems and Recommendations,” Maritime Studies, Vol. 2005(144), 2005, pp. 1-16.

Dirhamsyah, “Setbacks in the Development of Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia,” Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, Vol. 8(2), 2016, pp. 87-100.

Di-Sciara, G.N., Tundi Agardy, David Hyrenbach, Tullio Scovazzi and Patrick Van Klaveren, “The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 18(1), 2008, pp. 367–391.

Douglas, Calbert H., “Small Island States and Territories: Sustainable Development Issues and Strategies – Challenges for Changing Islands in a Changing World,” Sustainable Development, Vol. 14(2), 2006, pp. 75-80.

Domingues, C.M., J.A. Church, N.J. White et.al., “Improved Estimates of Upper-Ocean Warming and Multi-Decadal Sea-Level Rise,” Nature, Vol. 453(1), 2008, pp. 1090–1093.

Dunn, D.C., Jeff Ardron , Nicholas Bax , Patricio Bernal, Jesse Cleary, Ian Cresswell, Ben Donnelly, Piers Dunstan, Kristina Gjerde, David Johnson, Kristin Kaschner, Ben Lascelles, Jake Rice, Henning von Nordheim, Louisa Wood and Patrick N. Halpin, “The Convention on Biological Diversity's Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas: Origins, Development, and Current Status,” Marine Policy, Vol. 49(1), 2014, pp. 137-145.

Dupuy, P.M., “Soft Law and the International Law of the Environment,” Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 12(2), 1990, pp. 420-435.

Edeson, William., “The International Plan of Action on Illegal Unreported and Unregulated Fishing: The Legal Context of a Non-Legally Binding Instrument,” International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 16(4), 2001, pp. 603-623.

Elliott, Gina., Bruce Mitchell, Bonnie Wiltshire, Abdul Manan, and Susan Wismer, “Community Participation in Marine Protected Area Management: Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia,” Coastal Management, Vol. 29(4), 2001, pp. 295–316.

Environmental Protection Administration, “EY Marine Pollution Incident Taskforce Begins Operation,” Environmental Policy Monthly, Vol. 4(4), 2001, pp. 1-12.
Evans, Douglas., “Building the European Union’s Natura 2000 network,” Nature Conservation, Vol. 1 (1), 2012, pp. 11–26.

Evans, L.S., N.C. Ban, Michael Schoon et al., “Keeping the ‘Great’ in the Great Barrier Reef: large-scale governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,” International Journal of the Commons, Vol. 8(2), 2014, pp. 396–427.

Farrier, D., and L. Tucker, “Wise Use of Wetlands Under the Ramsar Convention: A Challenge for Meaningful Implementation of International Law,” Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 12(1), 2000, pp. 21–42.

Fernandes, Leanne., Jon Day, Adam Lewis et al., “Establishing Representative No‐Take Areas in the Great Barrier Reef: Large‐Scale Implementation of Theory on Marine Protected Areas,” Conservation Biology, Vol. 19(6), 2005, pp. 1733-1744.

Fernandes, Leanne., J.C. Day, Brigid Kerrigan et al., “A Process to Design A Network of Marine No-Take Areas: Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 52(8), 2009, pp. 439–447.

Ferrol-Schulte, Daniella., Matthias Wolff, Sebastian C. A. Ferse, Marion Glaser, “Sustainable Livelihoods Approach in Tropical Coastal and Marine Social–Ecological Systems: A Review,” Marine Policy, Vol. 42(6), 2013, pp. 253-258.

Ferrol-Schulte, Daniella., Philipp Gorris, Wasistini Baitoningsih, et.al., “Coastal Livelihood Vulnerability to Marine Resource Degradation: A Review of the Indonesian National Coastal and Marine Policy Framework,” Marine Policy, Vol. 52(1), 2015, pp. 163-171.

Forster, J., “Marine Dependent Livelihoods and Resilience to Environmental Change: A Case Study of Anguilla,” Marine Policy, Vol. 45(1), 2014, pp. 204-212.

Fox, A.D., Lea-Anne Henry, David W. Corne and J. Murray Roberts, “Sensitivity of Marine Protected Area Network Connectivity to Atmospheric Variability,” Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 3(11), 2016, pp. 1-18.

Friedlander, Alan M., “Marine Conservation in Oceania: Past, Present, and Future,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 135(1), 2018, pp. 409-435.

Friedman, Lawrence M., “Legal Culture and Social Development,” Law & Society Review, Vol. 4(1), 1969, pp. 29-44.

Fritz, Jan-Stefan., “Deep Sea Anarchy: Mining at the Frontiers of International Law,” International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 30(3), 2015, pp. 445–476.

Garcia, S.M., and A.A. Rosenberg, “Food Security and Marine Capture Fisheries: Characteristics, Trends, Drivers and Future Perspectives,” Philosophical Transactions B, Vol. 365(1554), 2010, pp. 2869–2880.
Gardner, R.N., “The Role of the UN in Environmental Problems,” International Organization, Vol. 26(2), 1972, pp. 237-254.

Gaus, Nurdiana., Sultan Sultan and Muhammad Basri, “State Bureaucracy in Indonesia and its Reforms: An Overview,” International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 40(8), 2017, pp. 658–669.

Giakoumi S., C. Scianna, and J.Plass-Johnson, “Ecological Effects of Full and Partial Protection in the Crowded Mediterranean Sea: A Regional Meta-Analysis,” Scientific Reports, Vol. 7(8940), 2017, pp. 1-12.

Gjerde, K.M., and A. Rulska-Domino., “Marine Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Some Practical Perspectives for Moving Ahead,” International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 27(2), 2012, pp. 351–373.

Gjerde, K. M., Lora L. Nordtvedt Reeve, Harriet Harden‐Davies, Jeff Ardron, Ryan Dolan, Carole Durussel, Sylvia Earle, Jorge A. Jimenez, Peggy Kalas, Dan Laffoley, Nilufer Oral, Richard Page Marta Chantal Ribeiro, Julien Rochette, Aurelie Spadone, Torsten Thiele, Hannah L. Thomas, Daniel Wagner, Robin Warner, Aulani Wilhelm and Glen Wright, “Protecting Earth's Last Conservation Frontier: Scientific, Management and Legal Priorities for MPAs Beyond National Boundaries,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 26(2), 2016, pp. 45-60.

Glaeser, Bernhard., and Marion Glaser, “Global Change and Coastal Threats: The Indonesian Case. An Attempt in Multi-Level Social-Ecological Research,” Human Ecology Review, Vol. 17(2), 2010, pp. 135-147.

Glaser, Marion., Annette Breckwoldt, Rio Deswandi, “Of Exploited Reefs and Fishers – A Holistic View on Participatory Coastal and Marine Management in An Indonesian Archipelago,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 116(1), 2015, pp. 193-213.

Gleason, Mary., “Designing A Network of Marine Protected Areas in California: Achievements, Costs, Lessons Learned, and Challenges ahead,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 74(1), 2013, pp. 90-101.

Gleason, Mary., Scott McCreary, Melissa Miller-Henson et al., “Science-Based and Stakeholder-Driven Marine Protected Area Network Planning: A Successful Case Study from North Central California,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 53(2), 2010, pp. 52-68.
Goodrich, L.M., “From League of Nations to United Nations,” International Organization, Vol. 1(1), 1947, pp. 3-21.

Goessens Arnaud., Behara Satyanarayana, Tom Van der Stocken, Melissa Quispe Zuniga, Husain Mohd-Lokman, Ibrahim Sulong, and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, “Is Matang Mangrove Forest in Malaysia Sustainably Rejuvenating after More than a Century of Conservation and Harvesting Management?,” PLoS One, Vol. 9(8), 2014, pp. 1-14.

Govan, Hugh., “Achieving the Potential of Locally Managed Marine Areas in the South Pacific,” SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin, Vol. 25(1), 2009, pp. 16-25.

Grip, Kjell., “International Marine Environmental Governance: A Review,” Ambio, Vol. 46(4), 2016, pp. 413–427.

Grip, Kjell., and Sven Blomqvist, “Establishing Marine Protected Areas in Sweden: Internal Resistance Versus Global Influence,” Ambio, Vol. 47(1), 2018, pp. 1-14.

Grip, J Kjell., and Sven Blomqvist, “Marine Nature Conservation and Conflicts with Fisheries,” Ambio, Vol. 49(1), 2020, pp. 1328–1340.

Guarderas, A.P., “Current Status of Marine Protected Areas in Latin America and the Caribbean,” Conservation Biology, Vol. 22(6), 2008, pp. 1630–1640.

Halpern, B.S., Karen L. McLeod, Andrew A Rosenberg, Larry B Crowder, “Managing for Cumulative Impacts in Ecosystem-Based Management through Ocean Zoning,” Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 51(3), 2008, pp. 203-211.

Hayden, B.P., G. Carleton Ray and Robert Dolan “Classification of Coastal and Marine Environments,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 11(3), 1984, pp. 199-207.

Hilborn, Ray., Kevin Stokes, Jean-Jacques Maguire, Tony Smith, Louis W. Botsford, Marc Mangel, Jos!e Orensanz, Ana Parma, Jake Rice, Johann Bell, Kevern L. Cochrane, Serge Garcia, Stephen J. Hall, G.P. Kirkwood, Keith Sainsbury, Gunnar Stefansson, Carl Walters, “When Can Marine Reserves Improve Fisheries Management?,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 47(4), 2004, pp. 197-205.

Hsieh, Hwey-Lian., “Strategic Planning for A Wetlands Conservation Greenway Along the West Coast of Taiwan,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 47 (5-6), 2004, pp. 257-272.

Hsieh, Jolan., and Sifo Lakaw, “Identity, Memory and Legacy: Indigenous Taiwan,” Te Kaharoa, Vol. 13(3), 2019, pp. 1-4.

Huang, Hsiang-Wen., and Mei-Hui You, “Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan,” Coastal Management, Vol. 41(5), 2013, pp. 420-438.

Hughes, T.P., J.T. Kerry, and H. Baird, “Global Warming Impairs Stock–Recruitment Dynamics of Corals,” Nature, Vol. 568(1), 2019, pp. 387–390.

Ikrami, Hadyu., and Leonardo Bernard, “Indonesia’s Maritime Governance: Law, Institutions and Cooperation,” Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 6(1), 2018, pp. 134–171.

Islam, Md. Shahidul., and Masaru Tanaka, “Impacts of Pollution on Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Including Coastal and Marine Fisheries and Approach for Management: A Review and Synthesis,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 48(8), 2004, pp. 624-649.

Jansen, David., “Relations among Security and Law Enforcement Institutions in Indonesia,” Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, Vol. 30(3), 2008, pp. 429-454.

Jennings, Simon., “The Role of Marine Protected Areas in Environmental Management,” ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 66(1), 2009, pp. 16-21.

Jentoft, Svein., Thijs C. van Son and Maiken Bjørkan, “Marine Protected Areas: A Governance System Analysis,” Human Ecology, Vol. 35(1), 2007, pp. 611–622.

Johannes, R. E., “Traditional Marine Conservation Methods in Oceania and their Demise,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 9(1), 1978, pp. 349-364.

Jones, P.J.S., “Marine Protected Area Strategies: Issues, Divergences and the Search for Middle Ground,” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Vol. 11(3), 2002, pp. 197–216.

Jupiter, S.D., “Locally-Managed Marine Areas: Multiple Objectives and Diverse Strategies,” Pacific Conservation Biology, Vol. 20(2), 2014, pp. 165–179.

Kareiva, Peter., “Conservation Biology: Beyond Marine Protected Areas,” Current Biology, Vol. 16(14), 2006, pp. 33-35.

Katikiro, Robert Eliakim., “The Role of Local Institutions in Governance of MPAs,” Marine Policy, Vol. 117(1), 2020, pp. 1-9.

Katz, Paul., “Demons or Deities? —The Wangye of Taiwan,” Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 46(1), 1987, pp. 197-215.

Kelleher, Graeme., “Recent Development and Announcement: A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 32(2), 1996, pp. 123-126.

Kenchington, R.A., and T. Agardy., “Achieving Marine Conservation Through Biosphere Reserve Planning and Management,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 17(1), 1990, pp. 39-44.

Keshavmurthy, Shashank et al., “Coral Reef Resilience in Taiwan: Lessons from Long-Term Ecological Research on the Coral Reefs of Kenting National Park (Taiwan),” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol. 7(11), 2019, pp. 1-26.

Kirlin, John., Meg Caldwell, Mary Gleason et al., “California’s Marine Life Protection Act Initiative: Supporting Implementation of Legislation Establishing a Statewide Network of Marine Protected Areas,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 74 (1), 2013, pp. 3-13.

Klein, C.J., Charles Steinback and Matthew Watts, “Spatial Marine Zoning for Fisheries and Conservation,” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 8(7), 2010, pp. 349-353.

Klopp, J.M., and D.L. Petretta, “The Urban Sustainable Development Goal: Indicators, Complexity and the Politics of Measuring Cities,” Cities, Vol. 63(1), 2017, pp. 92-97.

Kusumawati, Ika., and Hsiang-Wen Huang, “Key Factors for Successful Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Comparison of Stakeholders׳ Perception of Two MPAs in Weh island, Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia,” Marine Policy, Vol. 51(1), 2015, pp. 465-475.

Kusumawati, Rini., and Leontine E. Visser, “Collaboration or Contention? Decentralised Marine Governance in Berau,” Anthropological Forum, Vol. 24(1), 2014, pp. 21-46.

Khan, Mizan R., “Polluter-Pays-Principle: The Cardinal Instrument for Addressing Climate Change,” Laws, Vol. 4(1), 2015, pp. 638–653.

Laffoley, D., Jon Day, Elizabeth Moore, Christophe Lefebvre and Francois Simard, “An Introduction to the International Marine Protected Area Congress Series,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 24(2), 2014, pp. 6-7.

Lauck, T., Colin W. Clark, Marc Mangel and Gordon R. Munro, “Implementing the Precautionary Principle in Fisheries Management Through Marine Reserves,” Ecological Applications, Vol. 8(1), 1998, pp. 72-78.

Lee, Meng-Tsung., “Towards Marine Spatial Planning in Southern Taiwan,” Sustainability, Vol. 6(1), 2014, pp. 8466-8484.

Leijen, Jaap., “The Habitats and Birds Directives versus the Common Fisheries Policy: A Paradox,” Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, Vol. 27(73), 2011, pp. 19-45.

Levin, Phillip S., “A Framework for Assessing the Biodiversity and Fishery Aspects of Marine Reserves,” Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 46(4), 2009, pp. 735-742.

Lin, Ku-Jung., and Cheng-Yi Lin, “Rediscovery of Taiwan Ocean Heritage and Its Sustainability,” Journal of Ocean & Culture, Vol. 1(1), 2018, pp. 66-82.

Liu, Ta-Kang., “Conservation of the Eastern Taiwan Strait Chinese White Dolphin (Sousa chinensis): Fishers' Perspectives and Management Implications,” PLoS One, Vol. 11(8), 2016, pp. 1-15.

Liubartseva, S., Michela De Dominicis, P. Oddo, Nicola Greggio, Giovanni Coppini and Pinardi Nadia, “Oil Spill Hazard from Dispersal of Oil Along Shipping Lanes in the Southern Adriatic and Northern Ionian Seas,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 90(1-2), 2014, pp. 259-272.

Lloyd, Rohan., Maxine Newlands and Theresa Petray “Coral Battleground? Re-Examining the ‘Save the Reef’ Campaign in 1960s Australia,” Environmental Sociology, Vol. 3(1), 2017, pp. 54-63.

Lodge, Michael., David Johnson, Gwenaëlle Le Gurun, Markus Wengler, Phil Weaver and Vikki Gunn, “Seabed Mining: International Seabed Authority Environmental Management Plan for the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. A Partnership Approach,” Marine Policy, Vol. 49(1), 2014, pp. 66–72.

Lu, Shiau-Yun., Cheng-Han Shen, and Wen-YanChiau, “Zoning Strategies for Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan: Case study of Gueishan Island in Yilan County, Taiwan,” Marine Policy, Vol. 48(1), 2014, pp. 21-29.

Lubchenco, Jane and Kirsten Grorud-Colvert., “Making Waves: The Science and Politics of Ocean Protection,” Science, Vol. 350(6529), 2015, pp. 382-383.

Lunn, Kristin E., and Philip Dearden, “Fishers' Needs in Marine Protected Area Zoning: A Case Study from Thailand,” Coastal Management, Vol. 34(2), 2006, pp. 183-198.

Luppi, Barbara., Francesco Parisi, and Shruti Rajagopal, “The Rise and Fall of the Polluter-Pays Principle in Developing Countries,” International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 32(1), 2012, pp. 135-144.

Macaulay, Stewart., “Popular Legal Culture: An Introduction,” The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 98(8), 1989, pp. 1545-1558.

Mace, G.M.., “Whose Conservation? Changes in the Perception and Goals of Nature Conservation Require a Solid Scientific Basis,” Science, Vol. 345(6204), 2014, pp. 1558–1560.

Machumu, M.E., and A. Yakupitiyage, Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Managing the Drivers of Ecosystem Change: A Case of Mnazi Bay Marine Park, Tanzania,” Ambio, Vol. 42(3), 2013, pp. 369–380.

Magris, Rafael A., Robert L. Pressey, Morena Mills, Daniele A.Vila-Nova, Sergio Floeter, “Integrated Conservation Planning for Coral Reefs: Designing Conservation Zones for Multiple Conservation Objectives in Spatial Prioritization,” Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol. 11(3), 2017, pp. 53-68.

Mania, Karolina., “Online Dispute Resolution: The Future of Justice,” International Comparative Jurisprudence, Vol. 1(1), 2015, pp. 76-86.

Mariyono, Joko., “Green Revolution- and Wetland-Linked Technological Change of Rice Agriculture in Indonesia,” Management of Environmental Quality, Vol. 26(5), 2016, pp. 683-700.

Martin, Victoria Y., Betty Weiler, Arianne Reis, Kay Dimmock, and Pascal Scherrer, “Doing the Right Thing’: How Social Science Can Help Foster Pro Environmental Behaviour Change in Marine Protected Areas,” Marine Policy, Vol. 81(7), 2017, pp.236-246.

McCook, L. J., G. R. Almany, M. L. Berumen et al., “Management Under Uncertainty: Guide-lines for Incorporating Connectivity into the Protection of Coral Reefs,” Coral Reefs, Vol. 28(1), 2009, pp. 353-366.

McCormick, John., “The Origins of the World Conservation Strategy,” Environmental Review, Vol. 10(3), 1986, pp. 13–21.

McDonald, J., P. C. McCormack, and M. Dunlop., “Adaptation Pathways for Conservation Law and Policy,” WIREs Climate Change, Vol. 10(1), 2018, pp. 1–12.

McNeely, J.A., and K. R. Miller., “IUCN, National Parks, and Protected Areas: Priorities for Action,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 10(1), 1983, pp. 13–21.

Mesnildrey, Lucile., Didier Gascuel and Olivier Le Pape, “Integrating Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management Systems: Some Criteria for Ecological Efficiency,” Aquatic Living Resources, Vol. 26(1), 2013, pp. 159–170.

Mieremet, Richard B., “The International Coral Reef Initiative: A Seed From the Earth Summit Tree Which Now Bears Fruit,” Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 29(1-3), 1995, pp. 303-328.

Mooney, H.A.., “The Ecosystem-Service Chain and the Biological Diversity Crisis,” Philosophical Transactions B, Vol. 365(1537), 2010, pp. 31-39.

Morgera, Elisa., “Whale Sanctuaries: An Evolving Concept within the International Whaling Commission,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 35(4), 2004, pp. 319-338.

Mous, P. J., Zainal Arifin, Maurice Knight, R. Djohani, L. Pet-soede, and G. Wiadnya, “Policy Needs to Improve Marine Capture Fisheries Management and to Define a Role for Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia,” Fisheries Management and Ecology, Vol. 12(4), 2005, pp. 259-268.

Mulongoy, K.J., Sarat Babu Gidda, Lisa Janishevski and Annie Cung, “Current Funding Shortfalls and Innovative Funding Mechanisms to Implement the PoWPA,” The International Journal for Protected Area Managers, Vol. 17(1), 2008, pp. 31–36.

Murray, Samantha., and T.T.Hee, “A Rising Tide: California's Ongoing Commitment to Monitoring, Managing and Enforcing its Marine Protected Areas,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 182(1), 2019, pp. 1-13.

Nichols, C. R., and R.G. Williams., Encyclopedia of Marine Science (Facts on File, New York, 2009).
O'Leary, B.C., Marit Winther-Janson, John M. Bainbridge, Jemma Aitken, Julie P. Hawkins, and Callum M. Roberts, “Effective Coverage Targets for Ocean Protection,” Conservation Letters, Vol. 9(6), 2016, pp. 398-404.

Osmond, Michael., Satie Airame, Margaret Caldwell et al., “Lessons for Marine Conservation Planning: A Comparison of Three Marine Protected Area Planning Processes,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 53(1), 2010, pp. 41-51.

Palumbi, S.R, P.A Sandifer, and J.D. Allan, “Managing for Ocean Biodiversity to Sustain Marine Ecosystem Services,” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 7(4), 2009, pp. 204-211.

Pauly, D., R. Watson and J. Alder, “Global Trends in World Fisheries: Impacts on Marine Ecosystems and Food Security,” Philosophical Transactions B, Vol. 360(1453), 2005, pp. 5-12.

Pomeroy, R.S., “Community-Based and Co-Management Institutions for Sustainable Coastal Fisheries Management in Southeast Asia,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 27(3), 1995, pp. 143-162.

Priambodo, Bono Budi., “Positioning Adat Law in the Indonesia’s Legal System: Historical Discourse and Current Development on Customary Law,” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, Vol. 2(2), 2016, pp. 140-164.

Rejekiningsih, Triana., “Law Awareness Forming Strategies to Reinforce the Principles of Social Function of Land Rights Within The Moral Dimension of Citizenship,” Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 211 (1), 2015, pp. 69-74.

Reppie, Emil., “Local Wisdom Mane’e and Its Impact on Fish Resources and Environment in Nanusa Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia,” Marine Science, Vol. 5(1), 2015, pp. 1-5.

Richardson, Jeremy., “Government, Interest Groups and Policy Change,” Political Studies, Vol. 48(5), 2000, pp. 1006-1025.

Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins and F.R. Gell, “The Role of Marine Reserves in Achieving Sustainable Fisheries,” Philosophical Transactions B, Vol. 360(1453), 2005, pp. 123–132.

Roberts, Julian., Martin Tsamenyi, Tim Workman and Lindy Johnson, “The Western European PSSA Proposal: A ‘Politically Sensitive Sea Area’,” Marine Policy, Vol. 29(5), 2005, pp. 431-440.

Rocliffe, Steve., Shawn Peabody, Melita Samoilys and Julie P. Hawkins “Towards A Network of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) in the Western Indian Ocean,” PLoS One, Vol. 9(7), 2014, pp. 1-14.

Rouphael, Anthony B., Ameer Abdulla and Yasser Said, “A Framework for Practical and Rigorous Impact Monitoring by Field Managers of Marine Protected Areas,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 180(1), 2011, pp. 557–572.

Ruckelshaus, Mary., Terrie Klinger, Nancy Knowlton et al., “Marine Ecosystem-based Management in Practice: Scientific and Governance Challenges,” BioScience, Vol. 58(1), 2008, pp. 53-63.

Ruitenbeek, Klaas., “Mazu, the Patroness of Sailors, in Chinese Pictorial Art,” Artibus Asiae, Vol. 58(4), 1999, pp. 281-329.

Ruiz-Frau, Ana., Hugh P Possingham, Gareth Edwards-Jones, Michel J Kaiser, Carissa J. Klein and Daniel Segan “A Multidisciplinary Approach in the Design of Marine Protected Areas: Integration of Science and Stakeholder Based Methods,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 103(1), 2015, pp. 86-93.

Russ, G. R., and A. C. Alcala., “Management histories of Sumilon and Apo Marine Reserves, Philippines, and Their Influence on National Marine Resource Policy,” Coral Reefs, Vol. 18(4), 1999, pp. 307–319.

Russ, G.R., A.J.Cheal, A.M. Dolman et al., “Rapid Increase in Fish Numbers Follows Creation of World's Largest Marine Reserve Network,” Current Biology, Vol. 18(12), 2008, pp. 14-15.

Saarman, Emily., Mary Gleason and John Ugoretz et al., “The Role of Science in Supporting Marine Protected Area Network Planning and Sesign in California,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 74(1), 2013, pp. 45–56.

Sacco, Rodolfo., “Legal Formants: A Dynamic Approach to Comparative Law,” The American Journal of Comparative Law”, Vol. 39(1), 1991.

Sagarin, R.D., and Mary Turnipseed, “The Public Trust Doctrine: Where Ecology Meets Natural Resources Management,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 37(1), 2012, pp. 473–496.

Sahri, Achmad et al., “A Critical Review of Marine Mammal Governance and Protection in Indonesia,” Marine Policy, Vol. 117(1), 2020, pp. 1-16.

Sala, Enric., Jane Lubchenco, Catherine Novelli, Callum M Roberts, Kirsten Grorud-Colvert and Rashid U Sumaila, “Assessing Real Progress Towards Effective Ocean Protection,” Marine Policy, Vol. 91(1), 2018, pp. 11-13.

Samhouri, J.F., and Phillip S. Levin, “Linking Land- and Sea-Based Activities to Risk in Coastal Ecosystems,” Biological Conservation, Vol. 145(1), 2012, pp. 118-129.

Sand, Christophe., “Melanesian Tribes vs. Polynesian Chiefdoms: Recent Archaeological Assessment of a Classic Model of Sociopolitical Types in Oceania,” Asian Perspectives, Vol. 41(3), 2002, pp. 284-296.

Saura, S., Bastian Bertzky, Lucy Bastin, Luca Battistella, Andrea Mandrici and Grégoire Dubois, “Protected Area Connectivity: Shortfalls in Global Targets and Country-Level Priorities,” Biological Conservation, Vol. 219(1), 2018, pp. 53-67.

Schottenhammer, Angela., “The “China Seas” in World History: A General Outline of the Role of Chinese and East Asian Maritime Space From its Origins to C. 1800,” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, Vol. 1(2), 2012, pp. 63-86.

Shao, Kwang-Tsao., “Marine Biodiversity and Fishery Sustainability,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 18(4), 2009, pp. 527-531.

Sheppard, Peter J., “Lapita Colonization Across the Near/Remote Oceania Boundary,” Current Anthropology, Vol. 52(6), 2011, pp. 799-840.

Shih, Wen-Chen., “A Comparative Study on Marine Protected Area Legislation in Taiwan and China,” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 14(1), 2012, pp.232-273.

Shih, Yi-Che.,” Coastal Management and Implementation in Taiwan”, Journal of Coastal Zone Management, Vol. 20(1), 2017, pp.1-7.

Shih, Yi-Che., “Taiwan's Progress Towards Becoming an Ocean Country,” Marine Policy, Vol. 111(1), 2020, pp. 1-7.

Shih, Yi-Che., and Wen-Yan Chiau, “Planning A Marine Protected Area at Chinwan, Penghu, Taiwan,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 52(1), 2009, pp. 433–438.

Siry H.Y., “Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective,” Coastal Management, Vol. 34(3), 2006, pp. 267-285.

Siry, H.Y., “In Search of Appropriate Approaches to Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 54(6), 2011, pp. 469-477.

Sivakumaran, Sandesh., “Techniques in International Law Making: Extrapolation, Analogy, Form and the Emergence of an International Law of Disaster Relief,” The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 28(4), 2017, pp. 1097–1132.

Skeldon, Ronald., “Migration from China,” Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 49(2), 1966, pp. 63-86.

Sloan, N.A., and A. Sugandhy, “An Overview of Indonesia Coastal Environmental Management,” Coastal Management, Vol. 22(3), 1994, pp. 215-233.

Souvorov, Aleksandr V., “Marine Natural Resources Management: Ecology and Economics,” Developments in Environmental Economics, Vol. 6(1), 1999, pp.7-32.

Spalding, M.D., Helen Fox, Gerald Allen, Nick C Davidson, Zach Ferdaña, Max Finlayson, Benjamin Halpern, Miguel A. Jorge, Al Lombana, Sara A. Lourie, Kirsten D. Martin, Edmund McManus, Jennifer L Molnar, Cheri Recchia and James Robertson, “Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Area,” BioScience, Vol. 57(7), 2007, pp. 573–583.

Spalding, M.D., Imèn Meliane, Amy Milam, and Lynne Hale, “Protecting Marine Spaces: Global Targets and Changing Approaches,” Ocean Yearbook, Vol. 27(1), 2013, pp. 213-248.

Svancara, L.K., R. Brannon and J.M. Scott, “Policy-Driven Versus Evidence-Based Conservation: A Review of Political Targets and Biological Needs,” BioScience, Vol. 55(11), 2005, pp. 989-995.
Sumaila, U.R., “Potential Costs and Benefits of Marine Reserves in the High Seas,” Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 345(1), 2007, pp. 305–310.

Sunstein, Cass R., “Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes,” The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 110(1), 2000, pp. 71-119.

Szmodis, Jenő., “On Multidisciplinary Legal Research,” ARSP: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie”, Vol. 98(4), 2012, pp. 483-493.

Tainter, Joseph A., “Archaeology of Overshoot and Collapse,” Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 35(1), 2006, pp. 59-74.

Tam, Chui-Ling., “Branding Wakatobi: Marine Development and Legitimation by Science,” Ecology and Society, Vol. 24(3), 2019, pp. 1-11.

Thomas, H.L., Brian Macsharry, Lance Morgan, Naomi Kingston, Russell Moffitt, Damon Stanwell‐Smith and Louisa Wood, “Evaluating Official Marine Protected Area Coverage for Aichi Target 11: Appraising the Data and Methods that Define Our Progress,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 24(2), 2014, pp. 8-23.

Toonen, R.J., T. ‘Aulani Wilhelm, Sara M. Maxwell, Daniel Wagner, Brian W. Bowen, Charles R.C. Sheppard, Sue M. Taei, Tukabu Teroroko, Russell Moffitt, Carlos F. Gaymer, Lance Morgan, Nai‘a Lewis, Anne L.S. Sheppard, John Parks and Alan M. Friedlander, “One Size Does Not Fit All: The Emerging Frontier in Large-Scale Marine Conservation,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 77(1), 2013, pp. 7-10.

Treviño, Linda Klebe., Gary R. Weaver, David G. Gibson, Barbara and Ley Toffler, “Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What Works and What Hurts,” California Management Review, Vol. 41(2), 1999, pp. 131-151.

Van Dover, C.L., Craig Randall Smith, Jeff A. Ardron, Fabio De Leo, “Designating Networks of Chemosynthetic Ecosystem Reserves in the Deep Sea,” Marine Policy, Vol. 36(1), 2012, pp. 378–381.

Visbeck, Martin., “Ocean Science Research is Key for A Sustainable Future,” Nature Communications, Vol. 9(690), 2018, pp. 1-4.

Voyer, Michelle., William Gladstone and Heather Goodall, “Methods of Social Assessment in Marine Protected Area Planning: Is Public Participation Enough?” Marine Policy, Vol. 36(2), 2012, pp. 432-439.

Wang, Chi-Ming., “Institutional Arrangements for the Management of Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 98(1), 2014, pp. 62-69.

Wang, Dustin Kuan-Hsiung., “Taiwan's Participation in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations and the Conceptual Revolution on Fishing Entity: The Case of the IATTC,” Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 37(2), 2006, pp. 209-219.

Watts, M. E., Ian R.Ball, Romola S.Stewart, Carissa J.Klein, Kerrie Wilson, Charles Steinback, Reinaldo Lourival, Lindsay Kircher and Hugh P.Possingham, “Marxan with Zones: Software for Optimal Conservation Based Land and Sea-Use Zoning,” Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 24(12), 2009, pp. 1513-1521.

Wells, Sue., and Jon Day, “Application of the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories in the Marine Environment,” Parks, Vol. 14(3), 2004, pp. 28-38.

Wells, Sue., G. Carleton Ray, Kristina M. Gjerde, Alan T. White, Nyawira Muthiga, Juan E. Bezaury Creel, Billy D. Causey, Jerry McCormick‐Ray, Rod Salm, Sue Gubbay, Graeme Kelleher and Joe Reti “Building the Future of MPAs – Lessons from History,” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 26(2), 2016, pp. 101–125.

White, A.T., Catherine A. Courtney and Albert Salamanca “Experience with Marine Protected Area Planning and Management in the Philippines,” Coastal Management, Vol. 30(1), 2002, pp. 1-26.

White, A.T., “Philippine Marine Park Pilot Site: Benefits and Management Conflicts,” Environmental Conservation, Vol. 13(4), 1986, pp. 355-359.

White, A.T., Porfirio M. Aliño, Annick Cros, Nurulhuda Ahmad Fatan, Alison L. Green, Shwu Jiau Teoh, Lynette Laroya, Nate Peterson, Stanley Tan, Stacey Tighe, Rubén Venegas-Li, Anne Walton and Wen Wen, “Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle: Progress, Issues, and Options,” Coastal Management, Vol. 42(2), 2014, pp. 87-106.

White, A.T., R.L. Eisma-Osorio and S.J.Green, “Integrated Coastal Management and Marine Protected Areas: Complementarity in the Philippines,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 48(12), 2005, pp. 948-971.

Wiadnya, D.G.R., R. Syafaat, E. Susilo, D. Setyohadi, Z. Arifin and Budy Wiryawan “Recent Development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Indonesia: Policies and Governance,” Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vol. 1(12), 2011, pp. 608-613.

Wiber, Melanie., “Enhancing Community Empowerment Through Participatory Fisheries Research,” Marine Policy, Vol. 33(1), 2009, pp. 172-179.

Wilkinson, Charles F.., “The Headwaters of the Public Trust: Some Thoughts on the Source and Scope of the Traditional Doctrine,” Environmental Law, Vol. 19(1), 1989, pp.425-471.

Wilkinson, Clive., and Bernard Salvat, “Coastal Resource Degradation in the Tropics: Does the Tragedy of the Commons Apply for Coral Reefs, Mangrove Forests and Seagrass Beds,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 64(6), 2012, pp. 1096-1105.

Wood, L.J., Lucy Fish, Josh Laughren and Daniel Pauly, “Assessing Progress Towards Global Marine Protection Targets: Shortfalls in Information and Action,” Oryx, Vol. 19(2), 2008, pp. 340-351.

Xu, Bin., and Yen-Chiang Chang, “The New Development of the Ocean Governance Mechanism in Taiwan and its Reference for China,” Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 136(1), 2017, pp. 56-72.

Young, Mary., and Mark Carr, “Assessment of Habitat Representation across a Network of Marine Protected Areas with Implications for the Spatial Design of Monitoring,” PLoS One, Vol. 10(3), 2015, pp. 1-23.

Young, Oran R., ‘Political Leadership and Regime Formation: On the Development of Institutions in International Society' International Organization, Vol. 45(3), 1991, pp. 281-308.

Zeppel, Heather., “Education and Conservation Benefits of Marine Wildlife Tours: Developing Free-Choice Learning Experience,” The Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 39(3), 2008, pp. 3–18.

Zerner, Charles., “Through a Green Lens: The Construction of Customary Environmental Law and Community in Indonesia's Maluku Islands,” Law & Society Review, Vol. 28(5), 1994, pp. 1079-1122.

Information Resources of International and National Institutions

Asia Parks Congress, ‘First Asia Parks Congress’ available at http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/asia-parks//; accessed 10 April 2019.

California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, ‘California Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)’ available at https://wildlife.ca.gov/conservation/marine/MPAS/; accessed 04 August 2019.

California Department of Fish & Game, ‘Master Plan Science Advisory Team (Central Coast Study Region)’ available at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/mpa/mpsat_phase1.asp/; accessed 05 August 2019.

California Department of Fish and Game, ‘California Marine Life Protection Act Initiative Strategy for Stakeholder and Interested Public Participation in the MLPA South Coast Project: Adopted November 4, 2008’ documents available at https://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/pdfs/binders_sc/b3al.pdf /; accessed 06 August 2019.

California Department of Fish and Game, ‘MLPA Blue Ribbon Task Force Transmits South Coast
Recommendations to the California Fish and Game Commission at https://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/mpa/recommendations_sc.asp/; accessed 05 August 2019.

CBD Secretariat, ‘Aichi Biodiversity Targets’ available at https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/; accessed 03 April 2018.

CBD Secretariat, ‘Target 11 - Technical Rationale extended’ available at https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/rationale/target-11/; accessed 08 January 2019.

CITES, ‘List of Parties to the Convention’ available at https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/parties/index.php; accessed 03 February 2019.

Coast Guard Administration, ‘Protecting Fishing Rights’ available at https://www.cga.gov.tw/GipOpen/wSite/ct?xItem=118626&ctNode=10123&mp=eng; accessed 15 July 2019.

Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of Interior (CPAMI), ‘National Parks of Taiwan’ available at https://np.cpami.gov.tw/about-the-parks/national-parks-of-taiwan.html; accessed 01 April 2019.

Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, ‘Vision of the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior’ available at https://www.cpami.gov.tw/about-cpami/prospect.html; accessed 16 May 2019.
Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment Australia Government, ‘Science and the Great Barrier Reef’ available at https://www.environment.gov.au/marine/gbr/publications/factsheet-science-and-great-barrier-reef; accessed 03 August 2019.

Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment Australia Government, ‘What Australia is Doing to Manage the Great Barrier Reef’ available at http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/what-australia-doing-manage-great-barrier-reef.; accessed 03 August 2019.

Department of Conservation New Zealand Government, ‘Report card: Cape Rodney-Okakari Point (Goat Island) Marine Reserve’ available at https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/habitats/marine/type-1-marine-protected-areas-marine-reserves/marine-reserve-report-cards/cape-rodney-okakari-point-goat-island-marine-reserve/; accessed 05 January 2019.

Departement of Environment and Energy Australia Government, ‘Review of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 - Review Panel Report’ available at https://www.environment.gov.au/marine/gbr/publications/review-great-barrier-reef-marine-park-act-1975-review-panel-report; accessed 05 January 2019.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia Government, ‘The Multilateral System and the Environment – Great Expectations and Even Greater Challenges’ available at https://www.dfat.gov.au/news/speeches/Pages/the-multilateral-system-and-the-environment.; accessed 03 August 2019.

Directorate of Marine Conservation and Biodiversity of the Republic of Indonesia, ‘Achievement of Marine Protected Areas’ available at https://kkp.go.id/djprl/kkhl/artikel/8214-indonesia-capai-target-luas-kawasan-konservasi-perairan-20-juta-ha-di-tahun-2018; accessed 08 April 2019.

Directorate of Marine Conservation and Biodiversity of the Republic of Indonesia, ‘Data on Marine Protected Areas’ available at http://www.kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id/index.php/basisdata-kawasan-konservasi#.

European Commission, ‘Natura 2000’ available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/index_en.htm; accessed 06 January 2019.

European Commission., “Natura 2000: The Marine Environment,” Nature and Biodiversity Newsletter, Number 37, 2015.

FAO, ‘Fisheries Management in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction’ available at https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/mar/soiom-2016-01/other/soiom-2016-01-fao-12-en.pdf; accessed 07 January 2019.

FAO, ‘International Plans of Action’ available at http://www.fao.org/fishery/code/ipoa/en/; accessed 05 March 2019.

FAO, ‘Report of the Reykjavik Conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem’ available at http://www.fao.org/3/y2198t/y2198t01.htm/; accessed 07 March 2019.

Fisheries Agency, ‘Taiwan’s Marine Protected Areas’ available at https://www.fa.gov.tw/en/WorldOceansDay/content.aspx?id=4&chk=a2fed357-be6d-40e4-a3e5-b41349f9979b¶m=pn%3D1; accessed January 21, 2019.

Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), ‘What is an MPA?’ available at http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/4400/en; accessed 12 January 2019.

Forestry Bureau, ‘Natural Landscape Conservation’ available at https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/EN/landscape/; accessed 02 April 2019.

Forestry Bureau, ‘Nature Reserves’ available at https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/EN/reserve/; accessed 02 April 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Foundation, ‘The Value’ available at https://www.barrierreef.org/the-reef/the-value#:~:text=Our%20research%20has%20shown%20the,16%20(direct%20and%20indirect); accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Developing the Draft Zoning Plan’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/our-programs-and-projects/rap/developing-the-draft-zoning-plan/; accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Great Barrier Reef Tourist Numbers’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/reef-strategies/visitor-contributions/gbr_visitation/numbers; accessed January 22, 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Reef Facts’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/reef-facts/; accessed 01 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority of Australia Government, ‘Research and Planning’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/our-programs-and-projects/rap/research-and-planning.; accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Second Community Participation Phase’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/our-programs-and-projects/rap/second-community-participation-phase/; accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Strategies to Manage the Reef’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/reef-strategies/; accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Tools to Manage the Reef’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/tools-to-manage-the-reef/; accessed 03 August 2019.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, ‘Zoning’ available at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/access-and-use/zoning/; accessed 01 August 2019.

Helsinki Commission, ‘Manuals and Guidelines’ available at http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/publications/manuals-and-guidelines; accessed January 20, 2019.

Hoyt, Erich., and G.N. Di Sciara, ‘Marine Mammal Protected Areas’ available at https://www.iucn.org/commissions/world-commission-protected-areas/our-work/marine-mammal-protected-areas; accessed 07 January 2019.

ICRI, ‘What is ICRI?’ available at https://www.icriforum.org/about-icri/; accessed 10 March 2019.

International Institute for Sustainable Development, IISD Reporting Services’ Complete Coverage of The World Summit on Sustainable Development: 26 August - 4 September 2002, Johannesburg, South Africa’, Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 22(42), 2002.

IISD, ‘BBNJ Working Group Concludes Mandate, Agrees on Nature of Future Instrument’ available at http://sdg.iisd.org/news/bbnj-working-group-concludes-mandate-agrees-on-nature-of-future-instrument/; accessed 10 January 2019.

IISD, ‘Summary of the 66th Meeting of the International Whaling Commission 24-28 October 2016’ available at http://enb.iisd.org/vol34/enb3401e.html; accessed 01 February 2019.

IMO, ‘International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)’ available at http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Prevention-of-Pollution-from-Ships-(MARPOL).aspx/; accessed 04 February 2019.

IMO, ‘International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974’ available at http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Safety-of-Life-at-Sea-(SOLAS),-1974.aspx; accessed 03 February 2019.

IMO, ‘Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)’ available at http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/PSSA/Pages/default.aspx/; accessed 09 March 2019.

IMO, ‘Special Areas under MARPOL’ available at http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/SpecialAreasUnderMARPOL/Pages/Default.aspx; accessed 04 February 2019.

Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, ‘Establishing Target 20 Million ha of MPA, MMAF Launches E-KKP3K Award Program (E-MPA Awards)’ available at http://kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id/index.php/en/beritabaru/156-establishing-target-20-million-ha-of-mpa-mmaf-launches-e-kkp3k-award-program-e-mpa-awards; accessed 05 May 2019.

International Whaling Commission, ‘Whale Sanctuaries: Establishment of the International Whaling Commission's Sanctuaries’ available at https://iwc.int/sanctuaries; accessed 06 January 2019.

IUCN, ‘IMPAC4: Bringing People and the Ocean Together?’ available at https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201709/impac4-bringing-people-and-ocean-together/; accessed 10 April 2019.

IUCN, ‘Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas: Guidelines for Design and Management’ available at https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201712/large-scale-marine-protected-areas-guidelines-design-and-management/; accessed 02 August 2019.

IUCN, ‘Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction’ available at https://www.iucn.org/theme/environmental-law/our-work/oceans-and-coasts/marine-biodiversity-areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction; accessed 09 January 2019.

IUCN, ‘Preparing for Negotiations on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction’ available at https://www.iucn.org/content/preparing-negotiations-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction; accessed 07 January 2019.

IUCN, ‘What is the IUCN World Parks Congress?’ available at https://www.worldparkscongress.org/about/history/; accessed 10 April 2019.

Japanese Ministry of Environment, ‘Natural Park Systems in Japan’ available at https://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/parksystem.pdf; accessed 04 January 2019.

Kenting National Park Headquarters, ‘Wildlife’ available at https://web.archive.org/web/20160625132451/http://www.ktnp.gov.tw/eng/Wildlife.aspx /; accessed 15 October 2019.

Marine Bio, ‘1st International Marine Conservation Congress’ available at https://marinebio.org/1st-international-marine-conservation-congress/; accessed 10 April 2019.

Marine Conservation Institute, ‘Taiwan’ available at http://www.mpatlas.org/region/country/TWN/; accessed 08 April 2019.

Marine National Park Headquarters, ‘Administration Policy’ available at https://www.marine.gov.tw/about-us/administration-policy/; accessed 15 July 2019.

Marine National Park Headquarters, ‘Introduction’ available at https://www.marine.gov.tw/about-us/introduction/; accessed 10 April 2019.

Marine Protected Areas Working Group, ‘Progress in Implementing the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (NRSMPA)’ the document available at http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/49a94ad1-c85e-4acc-9eca-e56687f16974/files/nrsmpa-report.pdf; accessed 03 August 2019.

Memorandum of Understanding. California Resources Agency, California Department of Fish and Game, and Resources Legacy Fund Foundation’ documents available at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/pdfs/mou121906.pdf/; accessed 04 August 2019.

NOAA, ‘Bringing Together Diverse Community Interests to Strengthen the Network of National Marine Sanctuaries and the Nation’s Marine Protected Areas.’ available at https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/management/ac/; accessed 06 January 2019.

Ocean Affairs Council, ‘Milestones’ available at https://www.oac.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=10&parentpath=0,1; accessed 02 September 2019.

Ocean Affairs Council, ‘The 2020 Administrative Plan by the Ocean Affairs Council’ available at https://www.oac.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=27&parentpath=0,2/; accessed 02 October 2019.

Ocean Conservation Administration, ‘Our Vision’ available at https://www.oca.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=17&parentpath=0,3; accessed 16 July 2019.

OSPAR Commission, ‘Decisions, ‘Recommendations & Agreements’ available at https://www.ospar.org/convention/agreements; accessed January 20, 2019.

Ramsar, ‘Indonesia’ available at https://www.ramsar.org/wetland/indonesia/; accessed 25 November 2019.

Ramsar, ‘World Wetlands Day’ available at https://www.ramsar.org/activity/world-wetlands-day-2000/; accessed 04 August 2019.

Taiwan’s Coast Guard Agency, ‘The Prevention of Vessel Oil Pollution’ available at https://www.cga.gov.tw/bookcase/CoastGuardBC/NO64/CoastGuard64/files/assets/basic-html/page46.html/; accessed 15 October 2019.

Taiwan’s Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of Interior, ‘Worries Across the Seas - Facing Marine Pollution’ available at https://np.cpami.gov.tw/np-quarterly.html?view=endetail&catid=44&id=525&ls=4/; accessed 16 October 2019.

Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration, ‘EPA Vision’ available at https://www.epa.gov.tw/eng/D096783C8489B4D6 /; accessed 05 June 2019.

Taiwan’s Fishery Agency, ‘Taiwan’s Marine Protected Areas’ available at https://www.fa.gov.tw/en/WorldOceansDay/content.aspx?id=4&chk=a2fed357-be6d-40e4-a3e5-b41349f9979b¶m=pn%3D1; accessed 08 April 2019.

Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ‘Regional Fisheries Management Organizations’ available at https://www.mofa.gov.tw/igo/cp.aspx?n=8133A77AC99AE860/; accessed 05 September 2019.
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2007) Managing tourism and biodiversity- User’s manual on the CBD Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development. Montreal, https://www.cbd.int/doc/programmes/tourism/tourism-manual-en.pdf.

Secretariat of Convention on Biological Diversity, ‘Programme of Work’ available at https://www.cbd.int/protected/pow/learnmore/intro/./; accessed 07 September 2019.


Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2015) Tourism supporting Biodiversity - A Manual on applying the CBD Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development. Montreal, https://www.cbd.int/tourism/doc/tourism-manual-2015-en.pdf.

The Dag Hammarskjöld Library, ‘UN Documentation: Environment’ available at https://research.un.org/en/docs/environment/conferences/; accessed 01 March 2019.

The ITOPF, ‘Recent activities of ITOPF, the AMORGOS incident and considerations of NEBA (2002)’ available at https://www.itopf.org/knowledge-resources/documents-guides/document/recent-activities-of-itopf-the-amorgos-incident-and-considerations-of-neba-2002//; Document available at https://www.itopf.org/fileadmin/data/Documents/Papers/paj2002.pdf; accessed 16 October 2019.

The United Nations Environment Programme, ‘Appendix I & II of CMS’ available at https://www.cms.int/en/page/appendix-i-ii-cms; accessed 04 February 2019.

The United Nations Environment Programme, ‘Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals’ available at https://www.cms.int/en/legalinstrument/cms/; accessed 04 February 2019.

The United Nations Environment Program, ‘Species’ available at https://www.cms.int/species/index.htm/; accessed 04 February 2019.

United Nations Development Programme, ‘Localizing the Implementation of the SDGs’ available at https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/speeches/2017/localizing-the-implementation-of-the-sustainable-development-goa.html/; accessed 02 March 2019.

UN Division for Ocean Affairs and The Law of The Sea, ‘The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Historical Perspective’ available at https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_historical_perspective.htm; accessed 04 January 2019.

UN Division for Sustainable Development Goals, ‘Addis Ababa Action Agenda’ available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=2051&menu=35/; accessed 01 March 2019.

UN Division for Sustainable Development Goals, ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300/; accessed 01 March 2019.

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), ‘Regional Seas Programs’ available at https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do / working-regional-seas / regional-seas-programs; accessed January 20, 2019.

UN Environment, Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (United Nations, New York, 2002).

UNESCO, ‘World Heritage List’ available https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/; accessed 13 February 2019.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, ‘Climate Change Indicators: Oceans’ available at https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/oceans; accessed 02 January 2019.

UNEP-WCMC, 2018 United Nations List of Protected Areas: Supplement on Protected Area Management Effectiveness (UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, 2018).

UNEP-WCMC, Protected Planet Report 2018: Tracking Progress Towards Global Targets for Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, 2018).

Wetlands Taiwan, ‘Purposes and Missions’ available at http://www.wetland.org.tw/modules/tadnews/index.php?nsn=0/; accessed 06 June 2019.

Worldwide Fund for Nature, ‘No Wins for Japan But Whales Still Losing’ available at http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?21401/No-wins-for-Japan-but-whales-still-losing; accessed 01 February 2019.


Thesis, Technical Report and Research Papers

Ad hoc Technical Expert Group on Marine and Coastal Protected Areas, “Marine and Coastal Biodiversity: Review, Further Elaboration and Refinement of the Programme of Work”, Report on the 8th Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, Montreal, Canada, March 10-14, 2003.

Catalano, Nicole., “Stakeholder Engagement in Marine Protected Area Network Planning in Southern California: Understanding Fishing, Government, and Environmental Perspectives’’ (Master Thesis, San Jose State University, 2016).

Chen, T.A., “Good Governance of A Marine Nation: Establishing Institutions on Marine Protected Areas for Taiwan’’ (Ph.D Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 2012).

Craik AM, Wendy., ‘Review of Governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’, Report to Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government (Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra, 2017).

Crawford, Brian., “Factors Influencing the Success of Community-Based Marine Protected Areas in North Sulawesi Indonesia’’ (Ph. D Dissertation, University of Rhode Island, 2009).

Elgebeily, Sherif., “Turning The Focus Inwards: The Decision-Making Process in the Security Council and The International Rule of Law’’ (Ph.D Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014).

Govan, Hugh., ‘Status and Potential of Locally-Managed Marine Areas in the South Pacific: Meeting Nature Conservation and Sustainable Livelihood Targets Through Wide-Spread Implementation of LMMAs’ available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23828/1/MPRA_paper_23828.pdf; accessed 03 January 2019.

Hamdani, Baso., “Threats, Challenges and opportunities to Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle Area: A Case Study of Indonesia Sea’’ (Master Thesis, World Maritime University, 2018).

Huang, Mei-Hui., “Stakeholder Engagement in the Designation Process of the Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan: A Social-Ecological System Perspective’’ (Master Thesis, University of Washington, 2014).

International Coral Reef Initiative (Dumaguete City, 29 May- 2 June 1995).

IEEP and NRDC., ‘Marine Protected Areas in Europe and the United States United States’, Report from Transatlantic Platform for Action on the Global Environment, Joint project Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) and U.S. Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), (IEEP-NRDC, Brussels, 2008).

Jones, Peter J. S., Wanfei Qiu, Elizabeth De Santo, Governing Marine Protected Areas : Getting the Balance Right, Vol. I (Nairobi-Kenya, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2011).

Jun, Minsuk., “Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in California: Analysis of the MLPA Implementation process’’ (Ph.D Thesis, University College London, 2013).

Kachel, M.J., “Particularly Sensitive Areas: The IMO’s Role in Protecting Vulnerable Marine Areas’’ (Doctoral Thesis, University of Hamburg, 2008).

Kao, Jui-Chung., “Marine Policy and Environmental Management in Taiwan’’ (Ph.D Dissertation, Cardiff University, 2011)

Kossmann, Christina M., “Collaborative Governance in the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area, Indonesia’’ (Master Thesis, Wageningen University, 2015).

Lazuardi, Muhammad Erdi., “Challenges of Marine Protected Areas around Lombok, Indonesia’’ (Master Thesis, James Cook University, 2013).

Marsh, Helene., ‘Dugong Status Reports and Action Plans for Countries and Territories’ , UNEP Report, UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1.

Nimwegen, P.V., “Shifting Waters - Indonesia's Dynamic Marine Protected Area Policy Seascape’’ (Master Thesis, Murdoch University, 2017).

R, Kenchington., T.Ward, and E.Hegerl, “The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas,” Technical Report from Australian Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage, 2003.

Ray, G.C., and R.F. Dasmann, ‘Recommendations Concerning the Establishment of Biosphere Reserves in Marine Environments’, Report to UNESCO’s MAB Project. No. 8. (IUCN, Morges, 1976).

Ruchimat, Toni., Tridoyo Kusumastanto and Pahala Nainggolan, ‘Collaborative Management of Marine Protected Areas’, Workshop Report to USAID, MPAG Project. No. 1. (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and MPAG-USAID, Bogor, 2013).

Silva, M.E., Ellen M Gately and Ingrid Desilvestre ‘A Bibliographic Listing of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas: A Global Survey’, Technical Report, (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Massachusetts, 1986).

Sun, Chieh-Heng., “A Comparative Study of the Designation Processes and Management Approaches of MPAs Between Taiwan and the United States: Cases of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument and the Dongsha Atoll National Park’’ (Master Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 2013).

Scheffer, Victor B., Clifford H. Fiscus, and Ethel I. Todd, History of Scientific Study and Management of the Alaskan Fur Seal, 1786–1964, NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-780.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (FAO, Rome, 2018).

Tietze, Uwe., Milton Haughton and Susana V. Siar, Socio-Economic Indicators in Integrated Coastal Zone and Community-Based Fisheries Management (FAO, Rome, 2006).

UN Environment Programme, ‘Overfishing, a Major Threat to the Global Marine Ecology’ available at http://www.grid.unep.ch/products/3_Reports/ew_overfishing.en.pdf; accessed 04 January 2019.

UNESCO, Global Open Oceans and Deep Seabed Biogeographic Classification, IOC Technical Series, 84 (UNESCO-IOC, Paris, 2009).

Utomo, Prayudi Budi., “The Role of Traditional Knowledge in Fisheries Management: A Study Case of Panglima Laot (Sea Commander) in the Aceh Province of Indonesia.’’ (Master Thesis, World Maritime University, 2010).

Varga, Marcell., “Taiwan’s Vanishing Paradise: A Story Told by A Foreign Student’’ (Master Thesis, National Chengchi University, 2015).

Vierros, Marjo., Alifereti Tawake, Francis Hickey, Ana Tiraa, and Rahera Noa, Traditional Marine Management Areas of the Pacific in the Context of National and International Law and Policy (UNU-IAS Traditional Knowledge Initiative, Darwin, 2010).

Vu, Hai Dang., “Towards a Network of Marine Protected Areas in the South China Sea: Legal and Political Perspectives’’ (Ph.D dissertation, Dalhousie University, 2013).

Workshop and Conference Proceedings

Adimu, H E., M Boer, F. Yulianda and A Damar, “Review Management Policy Marine Conservation Area of Wakatobi National Park,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 176 (1), 2018, pp. 1-10.

Berkman, P.A., and A.N. Vylegzhanin (eds), “Environmental Security in the Arctic Ocean,” Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Security in the Arctic Ocean Cambridge, United Kingdom, 13–15 October 2010 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2012).

Elliott, Hugh., ‘Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks’, Proceedings of the Second World Conference on National Parks (IUCN, Lausanne, 1974).

IUCN, ‘17th Session of The General Assembly of IUCN and 17th IUCN Technical Meeting’, Proceeding of IUCN. (IUCN, Costarica, 1988).

Ray, G.C., ‘Critical Marine Habitats: Definition, Description, Criteria and Guidelines for Identification and Management’, Working Paper No. 1, Publications No. 37, An International Conference on Marine Parks and Reserves, Tokyo, Japan (IUCN, Lausanne, 1976).

Berliani Ritonga, Syarifuddin, and Tumiur Gultom, ‘The Effect of Lubuk Larangan Environmental Knowledge for the Topic of River Ecosystem of Community and Students in Padang Lawas Utara Regency, Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) (Atlantis Press, Amsterdam, 2018), pp. 11–16.

R., Pomeroy, (2003). ‘Capacity building and community involvement in marine protected area implementation.’ In: R.L. Creswell (ed.) Proceedings of the 54th Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, pp. 689-693. Fort Pierce, FL: Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute.

Roberts, C.M., B.C. O’Leary, and D.J. McCauley, “Marine Reserves Can Mitigate and Promote Adaptation to Climate Change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114 (24), 2017, pp. 6167-6175.

Salm, Rodney., ‘Sri Lanka, Southeast and West India, Pakistan, Report on Existing and Potential Marine Parks and Reserves’, Proceedings of Regional Meeting on the Promotion of the Establishment of Marine Parks and Reserves in the Northern Indian Ocean including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf (IUCN, Morges, 1976).

News and Press Statements

Agence France-Presse, ‘Indonesia Detains Vietnamese Fishermen After High Seas Clash’ available at https://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2019/04/29/indonesia-detains-vietnamese-fishermen-after-high-seas-clash.html/; accessed 05 May 2019.

Chan, Sandra., ‘7 Scenic Destinations in Taiwan for Nature Lovers’ available at https://www.tripzilla.com/7-scenic-destinations-in-taiwan-for-nature-lovers/22409/; accessed 01 April 2019.

Chang, Shuchen., ‘Sea-Girdled Taiwan Creates First Central Marine Agency’ available at https://teia.tw/en/content/10923/; accessed 16 October 2019.

College of Law National Taiwan University, ‘Coral Depletion of Greek Cargo Amorgos’ available at http://www.law.ntu.edu.tw/ntulawples/bbs/board.php?bo_table=research_projects_en&wr_id=3/; accessed 19 October 2019.

Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance, ‘Bonaire National Marine Park’ available at https://www.dcnanature.org/bonaire-national-marine-park/; accessed 05 January 2019.

De Aeth, Duncan., ‘Taiwan's New 'Ocean Affairs Council' To Be Headquartered in Kaohsiung’ available at https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3415182/; accessed 08 Agustus 2019.

Ferry, Timothy., ‘The Challenge of Preserving Biodiversity in Taiwan’ available at https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2016/07/challenge-preserving-biodiversity/; accessed 05 February 2018.
Global Ocean Refuge, ‘Exuma Cays Land & Sea Park’ available at https://globaloceanrefuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ER_2018_Exuma_180713.pdf; accessed 04 January 2019.

Gokkon, Basten., ‘Restoration of Shattered Coral Reef at Raja Ampat On Hold’ available at https://news.mongabay.com/2017/06/restoration-of-shattered-coral-reef-at-raja-ampat-on-hold//; accessed 06 September 2019.

Hu, N.T., ‘Taiwan Finally Goes to Marine Conservation’ available at https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20141231000823-260109?chdtv; accessed 17 September 2019.

Hwang, Jim., ‘Blue Revolution’ available at https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=23734; accessed 02 September 2019.

Lonely Planet, ‘Burning of the Wang Yeh Boats’ available at https://www.lonelyplanet.com/taiwan/donggang/events/burning-of-the-wang-yeh-boats/a/poi-fes/1359148/1318942/; accessed 23 March 2019.

Paul Hardisty, ‘If We Can Put A Man on the Moon, We Can Save the Great Barrier Reef’ available at https://theconversation.com/if-we-can-put-a-man-on-the-moon-we-can-save-the-great-barrier-reef-121052/; accessed 04 August 2019.

Protected Planet, ‘Explore the World's Marine Protected Areas’ available at https://www.protectedplanet.net/marine; accessed 11 February 2019.

Shan, Shelley., ‘EPA Settles Oil Spill Suit with `Amorgos' Insurer’ available at https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/08/13/2003322975/; accessed 17 October 2019.

Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program, ‘Maritime Taiwan’ available at http://culture.teldap.tw/culture/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=313/; accessed 23 March 2019.

The Guardian, ‘British-Owned Cruise Ship Wrecks One of Indonesia’s Best Coral Reefs’ available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/10/british-owned-cruise-ship-wrecks-one-of-indonesias-best-coral-reefs/; accessed 06 September 2019.

Tu, Crystal., ‘An Organizational Assessment of Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council: Uncharted Waters’ available at https://medium.com/crystal-tu/an-organizational-assessment-of-taiwans-ocean-affairs-council-uncharted-waters-ce71b5cb9107/; accessed 15 September 2019.

Xing-Yu, Lin., ‘The Last Mile of the Government Organization Transformation, Who Jumped to the Biggest Ministry of Taiwan?’ available at https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id¼5089675.; accessed 02 September 2019.
Yu-Tzu, Chiu., ‘Cabinet Frees Greek Crew’ available at http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2001/08/15/98607/; accessed 15 October 2019.

Yu-Tzu, Chiu., ‘Greek Wreckage Clean-up Unfinished’ available at http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/01/09/0000190294/; accessed 16 October 2019.

Yu-Tzu, Chiu., ‘Taiwan waits Norway's Verdict on 2001 Oil Spill’ available at http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2004/11/26/2003212573/; accessed 17 October 2019.

Zeng, Wei-Zhen., ‘Ministry of the ocean? Ocean Affairs council? Constant Twists and Turns’ available at https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1108812/; accessed 08 Agustus 2019.