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題名:社會環境下主觀幸福感的跨國實證經濟研究
作者:楊塔妮
作者(外文):Savinee Suriyanrattakorn
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:應用經濟學系所
指導教授:張嘉玲
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:主觀幸福感信任政府福利評估方法收入差距基尼係數社會流動性長期護理無家可歸和臥床不起的老人Subjective wellbeingTrust in governmentWellbeing Valuation ApproachIncome inequalityGini coefficientSocial mobilityLong-term careHomebound and bedridden elderly
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本論文利用面板數據研究社會環境對主觀幸福感的影響,包括社會支持計劃、制度信任和收入不平等,旨在為福利政策制定和幸福經濟學做出貢獻。第 1 章首先介紹了幸福經濟學及其文獻,為隨後的論文 1-3 中的實證研究奠定了基礎。第一篇文章的範圍集中在泰國體弱老人長期護理計劃的政策評估上。然而,其餘的文章將研究的範圍從泰國的次群組分析擴大到在總體水平上使用跨國數據。實證研究分為以下三篇論文:
在第一篇文章“關於在泰國居家和臥床老人幸福感的長期護理(LTC)政策”中,討論了 LTC 中的護理接受滿意度如何影響居家和臥床老人的整體生活滿意度,使用來自健康促進基金會數據集的 279 人為期兩年的小組。主要發現表明,公共長期護理(LTC)的服務質量(以 LTC 中的護理接受滿意度衡量)與受撫養老年人的自評生活評估以及財務狀況和好壞程度以及他們在日常生活中進行活動呈正顯著的正相關。結果表明,公共衛生政策和個人因素可以解釋居家和臥床老人的幸福感。從這篇文章中得出的政策建議表明,提供優質的長期護理服務可能是提高體弱老年人幸福感的有力工具。
論文二“對政府信任的評估:福利評估方法”使用福利評估方法 (WVA) 來估計政府信任的貨幣化效果。主要結果表明對國家政府的信任與平均生活滿意度之間存在正相關關係。該研究還發現,對國家政府的信任在放棄收入中的全球中值為每人每年 5649 國際美元。此外,對政府的信任直接以及通過人均 GDP 間接影響生活滿意度。然而,這種間接影響被認為相對較小。本研究估算的財務指標可用於規劃未來投資或政策評估;避免在信任級別發生變化時錯誤估計不信任的成本和收益。
最後,第三篇文章,“生活滿意度是否隨收入不平等和社會流動而變化?”旨在探討收入不平等對主觀幸福感的影響。這是一個令人感興趣的領域,因為收入不平等在過去 15 年中一直呈上升趨勢。 2005 年至 2020 年 141 個國家的經驗證據表明,收入不平等程度越高,國家平均生活滿意度越低。此外,不平等對生活滿意度的負面影響在低社會流動性群體中更強。最後兩篇文章得出的結論是,建議旨在建立對政府的信任、減少收入平等和促進社會流動性的政策來提高公民的整體生活滿意度。
This dissertation studies the effect of the social environment, including social support program, institutional trust, and income inequality, on subjective well-being by using panel data, which aims to contribute to wellbeing policy development and happiness economics. Chapter 1 begins with an introduction of Economics of Happiness and its literature, which lays the foundation for the empirical studies that follow in Essays 1-3. The scope of the first essay is focused on the policy evaluation of the Long-term Care scheme for frail elderly in Thailand. However, the rest of the essays broaden the scope of the empirical study from a subgroup analysis in Thailand to using cross-country data at an aggregate level. The empirical studies are divided into three essays as follow:
In the first essay, “Long-term care (LTC) policy in Thailand on the Homebound and Bedridden Elderlies’ Happiness,” this work discusses how care-receipt satisfaction in LTC impacts the homebound and bedridden elderly's overall life satisfaction in Thailand, using a two-year panel of 279 individuals from the Thai Health Promotion Foundation dataset. The main finding presents that the service quality of public long-term care (LTC), measured with care-receipt satisfaction in LTC, is positively and significantly associated with the self-rated life evaluation of dependent elderly as well as financial status and how well they perform in their activities of daily living. The result shows that public health policy and individual factors can explain homebound and bedridden elderly's happiness. The policy recommendation derived from this essay suggests that delivering quality long-term care service could be a powerful tool to boost happiness in frail senior citizens.
Essay two, “Valuation of Trust in Government: The Wellbeing Valuation Approach,” uses the Wellbeing Valuation Approach (WVA) to estimate the monetized effect of trust in government. The main results show a positive relationship between trust in national government and average life satisfaction. The study also finds that trust in the national government has a global median value of Intl$ 5649 per person a year in foregone income. Furthermore, trust in government affects life satisfaction directly as well as indirectly through per capita GDP. However, this indirect effect is considered relatively small. The financial proxy estimated from this study can be used to plan future investment or policy assessment; avoiding misestimating the cost of mistrust and the benefit when the trust level changes.
Finally, the third essay, “Does Life Satisfaction Vary with Income Inequality and Social Mobility?” aims to explore the effect of income inequality on subjective wellbeing. This is an area of interest since income inequality has been exhibiting a rising trend over the past 15 years. The empirical evidence of 141 countries from 2005 to 2020, indicating that a higher level of income inequality is associated with a lower national average life satisfaction. In addition, the negative effect of inequality on life satisfaction is stronger in the low social mobility group. The last two essays lay out the conclusion that policies aimed at building trust in government, reducing income equality, and promoting social mobility are recommended to improve the overall life satisfaction of citizens.
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