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題名：不定作為形式：碧許、拉岡、德勒茲的語言主體
作者：蔡善妮
作者(外文)：Shan-ni Tsai
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：外國語文學系
指導教授：廖朝陽
劉毓秀
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2023
主題關鍵詞：不定；形式；語言；主體；女性；碧許；拉岡；德勒茲；indeterminacy；form；language；subject；women；Elizabeth Bishop；Lacan；Deleuze
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這本論文創造了「不定作為形式」這個概念來思考主體，這種主體並不被語言完全決定，在語言中是真實而不可言詮的。本文透過碧許、拉岡、德勒茲探索語言與主體之間變動的交會：拉岡女性主體的形式是一個包含形式所排除之物的弔詭。本文以德勒茲促成創生過程的「不定」來探索這個弔詭。形式與不成形的過程在碧許詩裡的水體中交會。本文探討的主體既不完全被欠缺決定，也不拋棄主體性來投入事物的流變。不同於兩者，這個主體的形式是決定形式的不定性，建造於種種極限、關係、力量。第一章探索此主體的書寫如何面對她的極限而包含不只單一的主體，連結拉岡的「不全」與德勒茲的異質性來解釋建構主體的關係。第二章討論相應於拉岡女性的隱喻結構是如何讓語言及其域外發生關係，本文使之與德勒茲與瓜達希「雙重表達」的概念對話。第三章討論動詞作為透過混淆語言與物質之間動態關係來決定主體的力量。在這三中，透過語言的三種層面，本文實驗主體作為不定的另類結構，使之包含差異，卻從未達成系統性的完全。對於詩學研究，本文提供語言不定作為主體性創生的可能解釋；對於理論研究，本文在拉岡與德勒茲之間，思考主體如水體一般，成為讓形式與不成形可以溝通的情動弔詭。
Creating the idea of “indeterminacy as form,” this dissertation thinks about the subject as the substantial inexplicability in language instead of being fixed by the determination of language. It explores the mobile intersections between language and the subject through Elizabeth Bishop, Lacan, and Deleuze: The form of the Lacanian feminine subject is a paradox that involves what is excluded by forms. This paradox is explicated through the Deleuzian indeterminacy that facilitates the generative process. The form and the unformed processes converge in the bodies of water in Bishop’s poems. Instead of proposing a subject who cannot be entirely determined to be a lack or discarding the subject by prioritizing the becoming of things, I argue for a subject whose form is the indeterminacy that determines forms. This subject is constituted by limits, relations, and forces. The first chapter explores the subject to be the one whose writing faces her limits and includes more than one subject, opening the Lacanian not-whole to the Deleuzian heterogeneous relation with other subjects. The second chapter argues for the subject to be structured in a Lacanian feminine metaphor in which matter relates language and its outside, as in Deleuze and Guattari’s double articulation. The third chapter centers on the verb as a force determining the subject by disorientating into mobile relations between language and matter. Through the three aspects of language, this dissertation experiments with an alternative structuring of the subject as indeterminacy, involving differences but never becoming systematically complete. Apart from contributing to poetry studies an exploration of the indeterminacy in language as a recreation of subjectivity, this dissertation contributes to theory studies a connection between Lacan and Deleuze. In this connection, the subject becomes an affective paradox in which the form and amorphous communicate in bodies of water.
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