本文通過分析二里頭遺址發前夏文化探索的最初三十年的歷程，討論早期中國考古學的國家主義傾向。夏考古學面貌的追尋，是在古史辨運動衝擊下重建民族文化認知的熱望導致而成的。殷墟的發掘鼓勵了對一度存疑的夏文化的考古學求證。由於早期夏文化討論並不是在考古學理論框架和研究規範下進行的，考古發現被片面引入傳統的文獻求證，從仰韶到龍山的史前材料，先後都被運用到夏文化的討論中。因此，早期夏文化的討論並不是學術發展過程中自然生成的問題，而是民族情緒驅動下失敗的嘗試。

　　　　　This paper examines the 30 years of Xia archeology prior to the discovery of the Erlitou site in Henan in an attempt to shed light on the influence of nationalism on Chinese archeology in the early 20th century. Inspired to the revolution brought about by Gu Jiegang, the archeological search for Xia culture was driven by the strong desire to reconstruct China's national identity. Liter, archeological findings in Anyang supported this approach by showing that ancient history can be rediscovered through unearthed artifacts. Therefore, scholars began to eagerly apply archeological findings from a wide range of sources, including the Yangshao and Longshan cultures, in reconstructing the material culture of the Xia. Nevertheless, Xia archeology in its early stage was not a natural product of academic trends, but rather an improper attempt to satisfy nationalist urges.