A Study of Reductions in the Welfare Caseload of the TANF Program and Its Policy Implications for the United States_

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題名：	A Study of Reductions in the Welfare Caseload of the TANF Program and Its Policy Implications for the United States
書刊名：	社會政策與社會工作學刊
作者：	鄭麗嬌
作者(外文)：	Cheng, Lee-joy
出版日期：	2002
卷期：	6:2
頁次：	頁93-129
主題關鍵詞：	貧窮家庭暫時性救助金方案；失依兒童家庭補助方案；個人責任與工作機會調節法；福利金受助人數；Temporary assistance for needy families；AFDC；PRWORA；Welfare caseload
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:30

一九九六年美國「貧窮家庭暫時性救助金」(TANF)方案的通過，普受政界的支持，主因來自經濟顧問協會的研究報告指出，TANF方案十分奏效。不過，學術界對上述研究發現的學術性與經驗性立論，卻出現正反不一的爭辯。本文試圖自長期時間趨勢與環境成熟因素觀點，闡明一九九六年至一九九九年間福利金受助人數的驟降源由，並從福利金受助人數的降低與貧窮率間的變化，加以探討。本研究發現，州政府的自由裁量權，無論在TANF方案的實質內容與執行上，對福利金受助人數的減少，顯具重大影響力，然而，對貧窮率的降低與否，則鮮有影響。本文結論是，為有效評估TANF方案對母親與兒童的整體性影響，未來長期性的研究，應針對不同團體、地區及實施期間的政策成效，一一納入考量為宜。

以文找文

The passage, in 1996, of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program has enjoyed extraordinary political support, largely as a result of the research study by the Council of Economic Advisors, which asserted that TANF actually 'works'. However, significant debate has surfaced within academic circles regarding both the theoretical and empirical foundations for such findings. This paper sets out to shed some light on the precipitous decline in welfare caseloads during the period 1996-1999, undertaking comparisons with regard to the variations in caseload reduction and poverty rates by taking into consideration both trend and maturity factors. The study finds that discretion at state level, in respect of both program content and enforcement, has had a significant impact on caseload reductions whilst having little to do with the actual alleviation of poverty. The conclusions of this paper suggest that future longitudinal studies should take into account distributional issues, such as the consequences of policies for different groups, regions or time periods, in order to effectively evaluate the overall impact of the TANF program on mothers and their children.

以文找文

期刊論文
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會議論文
1.	Ooms, T.(1995)。Taking Families Seriously: Family Impact Analysis as an Essential Policy Tool。Leuven, Belgium。
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學位論文
1.	Waller, M. R.(1996)。Redefining Fatherhood: Paternal Involvement, Masculinity, and Responsibility in the Other America，沒有紀錄。
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3.	Brock, T. W.(1992)。The Implementation of Welfare Reform: Policy and Organizational Effects on Service Delivery in Los Angles County，沒有紀錄。

圖書
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10.	Solow, R. M.(1998)。Work and Welfare。Work and Welfare。Princeton, NJ。
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12.	Peterson, P. E.(1995)。State Response to Welfare Reform: A Race to the Bottom?。Welfare Reform Briefs, No. 8。Washington, DC。
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18.	Kane, T. J.、Bane, M. J.(1994)。The Context for Welfare Reform。Welfare Realities: From Rhetoric to Reform。Cambridge, MA。
19.	Hutchins, J.(1998)。Coming Together for Children and Families: How Cabinet-level Collaboration Is Changing State Policymaking。Coming Together for Children and Families: How Cabinet-level Collaboration Is Changing State Policymaking。Washington, DC。
20.	Handler, J. F.(1992)。Discretion: Power, Quiescence, and Trus。The Uses of Discretion。Oxford。
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22.	Corbett, T.(2000)。From Income Support to Child and Family Support: Some Rather Surprising Consequences of National Welfare Reform。Helping Poor Kids Succeed: Welfare, Tax, and Early Intervention Policies。Madison, WI。
23.	Center on Budget and Policy Priorities(1999)。The Initial Impacts of Welfare Reform on the Economic Well-being of Welfare Reform on the Economic Well-being of Single Mother Families。The Initial Impacts of Welfare Reform on the Economic Well-being of Welfare Reform on the Economic Well-being of Single Mother Families。Washington, DC。
24.	Cancian, M.、Haveman, R.、Kaplan, T.、Wolfe, B.(1999)。Post-exit Earnings and Benefit Receipt among Those Who Left AFDC in Wisconsin。Post-exit Earnings and Benefit Receipt among Those Who Left AFDC in Wisconsin。Madison。
25.	Brodkin, E. Z.(1990)。Implementation as Policy Politics。Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening Up the Black Box。New York, NY。
26.	Brodkin, E. Z.(1986)。The False Promise of Administrative Reform: Implementing Quality Control in Welfare。The False Promise of Administrative Reform: Implementing Quality Control in Welfare。Philadelphia, PA。
27.	Blum, B. B.(1992)。Preface。Pathways to Self-sufficiency for Two Generations: Designing Welfare-to-Work Programs That Benefit Children and Strengthen Families。New York, NY。
28.	Achatz, M.、MacAllum, C. A.(1994)。Young Unwed Fathers: Report from the Field。Young Unwed Fathers: Report from the Field。Philadelphia, PA。
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30.	Sullivan, M. L.(1992)。Noncustodial Fathers' Attitudes and Behaviors。Caring and Paying: What Mothers and Fathers Say about Child Support。New York, NY。
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34.	Culler, C. J.、Cunningham, J. L.(1980)。Compliance with the Child Passenger Protection Law: Effects of a Loaner Program for Low-income Mothers。Compliance with the Child Passenger Protection Law: Effects of a Loaner Program for Low-income Mothers。Washington, DC。

其他
1.	Council of Economic Advisers(1997)。Explaining the Decline in Welfare Receipt, 1993-1996，Washington, DC：White House。
2.	Schiller, B. R.(1996)。Assessing the Impact of Welfare Reform: The Role of Local Discretion，沒有紀錄：American University。
3.	Pavetti, L.，Acs, G.(1997)。Moving up, Moving out or Gong Nowhere? A Study of the Employment Patterns of Young Women and the Implications for Welfare Mothers，沒有紀錄。
4.	Cancian, M.，Meyer, D. R.(1998)。Work after Welfare: Women's Work Effort, Occupation, and Economic Well-being，沒有紀錄。

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