參軍與參軍事見諸史書，始於後漢（25-220）靈帝（168-188）中平二年（185）張溫統兵西征。未幾，天下崩解，征伐不斷，兵凶戰危，為求集思廣益，獻帝（189-220）建安年間（196-220），曹營上自丞相下至將軍牧守，幕府之中亦多置參軍事者，至三國時期（220-265）猶屢見不鮮。曹魏（220-265）的參軍制沿襲自後漢末年的參軍事，從以本職冗散、臨時分派任務型的參軍事逐漸轉為正式官稱型的參軍；再者，參軍與參軍事的職務演變依其府主的身分地位而有所轉變。 　　蜀漢的參軍制成形於後主（233-263）前期諸葛亮執政時（223-234），參軍為丞相府的重要僚佐之一，因諸葛亮總理朝政、身兼文武，丞相參軍的職務除軍事外，亦有以內政、外交為重者。後主後期（234-263），緣邊三大都督區皆有參軍，參軍的功能偏在軍事方面。東吳未見參軍或參軍事的稱號，且資料簡略，難究其詳。

The earlies record of Can Jun Shi and Can Jun in books of history was of the western conquest led by Zhang Wen (張溫) in Zhong Ping YearⅡ (中平2年) of Emperor Lin (靈帝) of Eastern Han Dynasty. Later on, the Kingdom collapsed, and was constantly ravaged by war. During Xian Emperor (獻帝) Jian An (建安) years, in Cao Cao (曹操) group, from the Prime Minister down to Generals, Governors, Magistrates, and their staff offices mostly set up the position of Can Jun Shi for consultation, and this system was not seldom seen during the age of Three Kingdoms. The origin of the Can Jun system of Wei (魏) can be ascribed to Can Jun Shi of the ending period of Eastern Han, evolving from provisionally assigned Can Jun Shi with loose and indefinite duties to be a formal position. Furthermore, the duties of Can Jun or Can Jun Shi were different according to the status and positions of their bosses. The system of Can Jun in Shu (蜀) formed during the early period of the Last Emperor when Zhu Ge Liang (諸葛亮) held the government, and it was one of the important aides of the Prime Ministry. Since Zhu Ge Liang was in charge of all the government affairs, mastering both the pen and the sword, the duty of the Prime Minister’s Can Jun was not limited to military but also interior and foreign affairs. During the late period of the Last Emperor, the Governors of the three border areas all had Can Jun, whose function was mainly to handle military affairs. Wu (吳) has not Can Jun, but we can know little about it owing to the scantiness of information.