Due to the industrial development, the volume of worldwide waste generated has increased significantly in recent decades. And at the same time, the disparity in disposal costs between developed and developing countries has spurred the transboundary shipment of hazardous waste. However, the importation of hazardous wastes by less developing countries creates the potential for serious health and environmental problems and the concerns of environmental justice. International legal controls on the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes mainly are-under the auspices of UNEP and involving 160 countries- The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal and The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Waste Within Africa (was signed by all 51 members of the Organization for African Unity). The Basel Convention, among them, is the consistent international efforts and most supported agreements on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes. In addition, the 5th Conference of Parties of the Basel Convention passed the Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting From Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, which introduced the liability scheme of international environmental laws, and fund mechanism, presented the achievement to enforce the provisions of the Basel Convention. This Paper will focus on the above issues and analyze the following topics: The first part will introduce the evolution of the Basel Convention and the resolutions and recommendations from the six Conferences of Parties. The second part will discuss the liability scheme of the Basel Protocol. The third part will provide the legal solution for Taiwan to adopt the mechanisms and requirements of the Basel Convention and the Basel Protocol.