Chinese economy has experienced dramatic changes since its adoption of economic reform in 1978. In the past 26 years, China’s GDP increased at a rate of 9.4% per year and its current GDP ranks the 6th in the world. Accompanied China’s economic reform is the opening up of domestic market to the world. Between 1978 and 2004, on average, China’s foreign trade increased by 16.7% per year, and reached US$ 1,154.7 billion in 2004, making China ranked 3rd in the world. The rapid economic growth and gradual open-door policy have made China become a country with attractive investment opportunities for foreign countries. The foreign direct investment (FDI) in China has increased from a negligible amount in the late 1970s to US$ 60.6 billion in 2004, making China the second largest FDI recipient country in the world, next only to the United States. China’s rapid growth and opening up with the world economy has led to significant changes in economic relations between Korea and China. The impacts of the rising China on Korea can be examined through four aspects. First, China is growing as a large manufacturer and exporter. Second, China is rapidly raising the volume of imports, which could offset any export loss for competitors in third markets. Third, China is emerging as a competitor in absorbing the foreign direct investments, making China one of the largest recipient of FDI in the world. Fourth, China is emerging as a world manufacturing factory, making more Korean producers lose their competitiveness. In order to maintain the their competitiveness in the world market, a large number of Korean firms attempt to shift their production facilities into China, taking advantages of China’s skilled and cheap labor forces. With the geographical shift of Korean production activities, the industrial hollowing-out should be regarded as one of most important challenges which the Korean economy has to confront in the near future. This paper studies the impacts of rise of China on Korea by analyzing its implications for bilateral trade, overseas investment and industrial hollowing-out of Korea. In this paper, we claim that Korean companies investing in China benefit from their production relocation by gaining price competitiveness although it is inevitable for Korean economy to suffer from the hollowing-out to a certain degree. We also suggest that, first, Korea should foster high value added industry in order to cope with advances in China’s industrialization. Second, Korea is needed to expand export market through the free trade agreement to prepare for China’s import-substitution. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we describe the bilateral economic relations between Korea and China, and discuss the prospects for economic cooperation between two countries. In section 3, we examine whether the hollowing-out effect in Korea is as serious as expected with the rise of Chinese economy.