This paper investigates Kant’s concept of radical evil and its modern use for a massive human rights violation. Why Kant “invented” this concept? Why can it be applied to explain human rights violation? Although Kant had no chance to witness the holocaust at World War II and of the massacres of our age, the term he proofs to be practical. It not only expresses our feelings of perplexity and helplessness when facing evil, but also stresses the responsibility to prevent it. For Kant, the concept is not to explain or define evil, but trying to overcome evil through critical understanding of personal responsibility. In other words, the primary meaning of the concept “radical evil” is used to indicate our responsibility as human being, rather than to provide a rational interpretation of evil. After all, Kant’s focus is not theory and knowledge of evil, but rather its practical implication for education. Formal and informal education should include critical understanding of radical evil and of personal responsibility, through which massive human rights violation can be prevented. If education always limits students’ freedom to choose and demand students to do what their guardians want them to do, students would become thoughtless, obedient and likely accomplice of evil.