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題名:消失的憤怒--日治晚期藤澤茽的原住民心理學實驗
書刊名:新史學
作者:巫毓荃 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Yu-chuan
出版日期:2007
卷期:18:2
頁次:頁103-155
主題關鍵詞:藤澤茽飯沼龍遠丹波取花實驗霧社事件臺灣原住民Fujisawa ShigeruR. IinumaT. DemboDynamics of angerFlower-experimentMusha rebellionFormosan aborigines
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昭和十年到十三年,台北帝大心理學教室助手藤澤茽以台灣原住民為對象,進行一個憤怒的社會心理學實驗。其實驗假設認為原住民心理「孩童似的」且「感情中心」,容易出現憤怒的爆發。然而藤澤茽最終未能證明其假設,所有接受實驗的原住民都未出現憤怒的發作。 以藤澤茽就此實驗發表的論文與雜記為對象,本文將其放在殖民脈絡中予以批判性的檢視。據此論證心理學者對於原住民心理的研究與論述,並不只是一種知識興趣,同時也是殖民政治的一環。就藤澤茽的實驗而言,其選擇憤怒為研究對象,反映出殖民者對於原住民武力反抗的戒懼與解釋。強制性的實驗參與、實驗者作為殖民權力象徵的在場、以及實驗本身所設計的挫折情境等,則使整個實驗體現了殖民權力的運作。至於藤澤茽對於實驗結果的詮釋,更反映出一種普遍見於殖民「人的科學」研究中的忽略,使研究者無法正視殖民權力才是形塑被殖民者主體的主要力量,而自己同時作為研究者與殖民者的在場,則決定了被實驗者的行動。 此外,藉由藤澤茽所留下來的原始紀錄,我們還可將被實驗者的行動詮釋為憤怒的轉化,而可看到被殖民者在與殖民者的對峙中所潛藏的族群認同。在宣稱成功的同化政策下,其實隱藏著一個壓抑、偽裝的憤怒自我。
From 1935 to 1938, Fujisawa Shigeru, then an assistant at the Institute of Psychology, Imperial University of Taihoku, Formosa, conducted an experiment on "anger" in various Taiwn aborigine tribes. Fujisawa hoped the experiment, originally designed by T. Dembo, would prove a theory about the emotional and behavioral characteristics of aborigines, namely that aborigines were childish, emotional, and prone to outburst of anger. However, he failed to prove this hypothesis. This article offers a critical review of the experiment. The hypothesis portraying Taiwan aborigines as childish and emotional obviously reflected the prevailing racial prejudices of the day. Of all the variety of emotions, Fujisawa's choice to research anger among aboriginals may also have reflected the fears of colonizers about Taiwan aborigines after the bloody Musha rebellion of 1930. By demonstrating their inclination to outbursts of anger, the aborigines would be condemned as at least partially responsible for the rebellion. However, in the experiement aborigines did not lose their tempers when faced with the frustrating predicament designed to make them angry. Taiwan aborigines seemed even less prone to anger than those highly civilized scholars who became furious in Dembo's original experiment. I suggest that the absence of anger was a consequence of colonial suppression--we need to remember the colonial domination that was indispensable to the proceeding of the experiment, as seen in the presence of the colonial experimenter as both an observer and a symbol of colonial power. As to Fujisawa's interpretation of his findings, which correlated the difference between the actions of various tribes in the experiment with their differential motivation and efforts at civilization and 'Japanization', as was commonly the case, he neglected the effects of colonization upon the subject in the colonial "human sciences." Yet in spite of the absence of tantrums, some indications of anger can be discerned in Fujisawa's original records. Anger thus was not absent but was suppressed, transformed or disguised. This demonstrates the potential ethnic identity of the colonized as opposed to the colonizers, and so we cannot sustain the view that assimilationist policies put in place after the Msuha rebellion were successful.
期刊論文
1.邱景墩(19960400)。臺北帝國大學文政學部--哲學科簡介。Academia,1,99-141。  延伸查詢new window
2.近藤正已、張旭宜(19950300)。臺灣總督府的「理蕃」體制和霧社事件。臺北文獻,111,163-184。  延伸查詢new window
3.伊能嘉矩(1898)。臺湾に於けゐ土着の分類及び其の現在通有すゐ開化發生の度。蕃情研究會誌,1,2。  延伸查詢new window
4.鄭發育(1952)。高山族的色彩好惡。臺灣風物,2(2),4-5。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.飯沼龍遠(1937)。形態盤成績の民族的相連。臺灣帝國大學研究年報─哲學科,4,341-420。  延伸查詢new window
6.飯沼龍遠(1933)。蕃人の精神生活の特徵(二)。理蕃の友,3-4。  延伸查詢new window
7.飯沼龍遠(1936)。蕃人の心理(中)。理蕃の友,2-3。  延伸查詢new window
8.飯沼龍遠(1933)。蕃人の精神生活の特徵(一)。理蕃の友,3。  延伸查詢new window
9.飯沼龍遠(1937)。蕃人の心理(六)。理蕃の友,3-5。  延伸查詢new window
10.飯沼龍遠(1936)。蕃人の心理(五)。理蕃の友,1-2。  延伸查詢new window
11.藤澤茽(1939)。高砂族の行動特性(その一)─ パイワンとルカイ。臺灣帝國大學研究年報─哲學科,6,313。  延伸查詢new window
12.藤澤茽(1942)。未開民族の叱責。臺灣帝國大學研究年報─哲學科,8,149-161。  延伸查詢new window
13.藤澤茽(1954)。臺灣高砂族の心理學的研究。民族學研究,18(1/2),25-27。  延伸查詢new window
14.藤澤茽(1935)。高砂族を被驗者とする心理學實驗情況、タイヤルとサイシヤット族。科學の臺灣,3,10。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.李佳玲(2003)。日治時期蕃童教育所之研究(1904-1937年)(碩士論文)。國立中央大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.山路勝彥(200401)。臺灣の植民地統治--〈無主の野蠻人〉という言說の展開。東京:日本圖書センター。  延伸查詢new window
2.MuCulloch, Jock(1995)。Colonial Psychiatry and "the African Mind"。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Danziger, Kurt(1990)。Constructing the Subject: Historical Origins of Psychological Research。Constructing the Subject: Historical Origins of Psychological Research。Cambridge, New York:Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Wundt, Wilhelm、Schaub, Leroy(1916)。Elements of Folk Psychology: Outlines of a Psychological History of the Development of Mankind。Elements of Folk Psychology: Outlines of a Psychological History of the Development of Mankind。New York:George Allen and Unwin。  new window
5.近藤正己(1996)。総力戦と臺湾:日本植民地崩壊の研究。東京:刀水書房。  延伸查詢new window
6.宮本延人、宋文薰、連照美(1998)。我的台灣紀行。台北:南天出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.鈴木作太郎(1932)。臺灣蕃族研究。臺灣蕃族研究。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.臨時臺灣舊慣調查會(1921)。臺灣番族慣習研究(第1卷)。臺灣番族慣習研究(第1卷)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.山名正太郎(1933)。自殺に關する研究。自殺に關する研究。東京。  延伸查詢new window
10.Dembo, T.(1976)。The Dynamics of Anger。Field Theory as Human-Science: Contributions of Lewins's Berlin Group。New York。  new window
11.臨時臺灣舊慣調查會(1983)。番族慣習調查報告書(卷五)。番族慣習調查報告書(卷五)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
12.正木正(1944)。行動の心理。行動の心理。東京。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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