1933年國民政府原擬趁新疆政權更迭之機控制新疆，然因對新疆政情瞭解不夠，致政策失當，坐失良機。 盛世才實行親蘇政策，蘇聯勢力滲入新疆，摒除國府勢力。國府並未放棄新疆，戰前多次進行試探工作均告失敗，及至盛、蘇關係破裂，經第八戰區司令長官朱紹良數度銜命出關調處，國府力量始得以進入疏離近十年的新疆。 國府與盛世才採分工方式，即中央負責經濟合作問題的談判，盛世才負責撤走蘇聯人員和駐軍的交涉，終於清除蘇聯在新疆之勢力。 國府向新疆派遣外交、黨務各類人員，作為將來取代盛世才勢力的骨幹力量。1942－1943年，國府各方面的部署逐次就緒，各部門的活動也漸次展開。 蘇聯不甘退出新疆，製造中蘇邊界軍事衝突，導致中蘇關係惡化，並稱盛世才是改善中蘇邦交的障礙，而國府亦有撤換盛世才的打算。1944年，調盛世才為農林部長，國民政府方完全收復新疆。

In 1993, the National Government intended to control Xinjiang by taking advantage of the change of Xinjiang regime, but because of inadequate understanding the political situations in Xinjiang, so it resulted in mislead policy. Then Shen Shih-tsai adopted the pro-Soviet policy and the Soviet influence entered into Xinjiang, excluding the forces of National Government out of the province. Yet the National Government did not give up; it tried to win Xinjiang back several times before the War, but in vain. Until Shen broke up the relation with the Soviet, and the Chief Commander of the Eighth War district, Chu Shao-liang, was ordered to negotiate with Shen Shih-tsai. The forces of National Government were then able to get hold of Xinjiang after ten years of disengagement. The National Government and Shen worked side by side, the former is responsible to the issue of economic cooperation and the latter responsible for the negotiation of the withdrawal of the Soviet officials and troops. The influence of the Soviet was finally removed from the province. Then the National Government sent its personnel to enter into Xinjiang in charge of the diplomacy and party affairs, as a cadre of replacing Shen's forces in the future. During 1942-43, all sorts of arrangements were settled down and they started their task in Xinjiang. The Soviet was rather unhappy about being expelled from Xinjiang and tried to create military conflicts on the border, leading to the deterioration of the relations between the National Government and the Soviet. The Soviet claimed that Shen was an obstacle to the friendship between both two nations. The National Government also decided to replace Shen. In 1944, Shen was transferred to the position of the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, the National Government completely controlled over Xinjiang finally.