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題名：探討多企業實務社群發展歷程之個案研究--以知識長交流會為例
書刊名：商略學報
作者：何俐安 引用關係／廖芳君
作者(外文)：Ho, Li-an／Liao, Fang-chun
出版日期：2010
卷期：2:3
頁次：頁161-181
主題關鍵詞：實務社群；多企業實務社群；知識長；實務社群發展歷程；Communities of practice；Multi-company communities of practice；Chief knowledge officer；Development of communities of practice
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本研究旨在探討多企業實務社群發展歷程及其效益，應用個案研究法，以「知識長交流會」為研究個案，透過觀察、文件分析及訪談等多元方法蒐集資料。 研究發現，成員參與社群之動機因人而異，於個人層面，成員以個人專業發展、認知興趣、社會關係為主要動機；工作層面則以工作改善為主；在組織層面，主要為組織期望、組織服務或蒐集市場資訊而參與。 定義功能角色與分工是多企業實務社群運作之要務，透過組織核心成員共同經營，有助於社群發展。成員互動為關係建立之基礎，實體活動之聯結性高於虛擬活動；互動機會愈多，成員間關係就愈深化。 本研究亦發現，多企業實務社群在社群、個人、工作及組織層面產生效益。社群層面上，社群中形成共同學習的空間，建立共通語言，使社群成為一個專家之學習管道。成員層面上，多企業實務社群協助成員專業學習與發展，開擴思維，學習多方經驗，更促進成員建立社會關係。於成員工作層面上，多企業實務社群協助社群成員進行工作上的改善與改革，協助其解決問題，並改善工作程序。成員之組織層面上，多企業實務社群亦為成員組織帶來短期或長期之影響。
Communities of practice are seen as a primary vehicle for knowledge sharing and a practical way for implementing knowledge management. The literature lacks practical studies of communities of practice in an inter-organizational context. The purpose of this research is to explore the development of multi-company communities of practice for a network of chief knowledge officers (CKO) from different organizations. A qualitative research method was employed. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, document analysis, and observations. The results indicated that the motivations of members vary among individuals. At a personal level, the three primary motivators are learning and professional development, personal cognitive and interest, and building social relationships. At the work level, the primary motivators are problem solving and process innovation. At the organizational level, the primary motivators are meeting organizational expectations, providing better organizational services, and collecting market intelligence. Defining functional roles and delegating authority are the top priorities of a community of practice. These priorities help a community of practice grow with the assistance of core members that take part in operating the community. The multi-company community of practice provides a platform to share practical experience from among the different enterprises. The greater the interaction, the greater opportunities between members develop and a deeper relationship will be established. Therefore, direct contact and communication are necessary for members. This research also indicated that barriers exist and these affect the multi-company communities of practice.
期刊論文
1.Seely-Brown, J.、Duguid, P.(1990)。Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation。Organization Science，2(1)，40-57。  new window
2.Jones, N. B.、Herschel, R. T.、Moesel, D. D.(2003)。Using 'knowledge champions' to facilitate knowledge management。Journal of Knowledge Management，7(1)，49-77。  new window
3.Allee, V.(2000)。Knowledge Networks and Communities of Practice。OD Practitioner，32(4)，1-15。  new window
4.Chang, C. K.、Chen, G. D.、Li, L. Y.(2008)。Constructing a community of practice to improve coursework activity。Computers & Education，50(1)，235-247。  new window
5.Storck, J.、Hill, P. A.(2000)。Knowledge Diffusion Through Strategic Communities。Sloan Management Review，41(2)，63-74。  new window
6.Wenger, E. C.、Snyder, W. M.(2000)。Communities of practice: The organizational frontier。Harvard Business Review，78(1)，139-146。  new window
7.Gongla, P.、Rizzuto, C. R.(2001)。Evolving Communities of Practice: IBM Global Services Experience。IBM Systems Journal，40(4)，842-862。  new window
8.Merriam, S. B.、Courtenay, B.、Baumgartner, L.(2003)。On Becoming a Witch: Learning in a Marginalized Community of Practice。Adult Education Quarterly，53(3)，170-188。  new window
9.Romm, Celia、Pliskin, Nava、Clarke, Rodney(1997)。Virtual Communities and Society: Toward an Integrative Three Phase Model。International Journal of Information Management，17(4)，261-270。  new window
10.Cohen, Wesley M.、Levinthal, Daniel A.(1990)。Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation。Administrative Science Quarterly，35(1)，128-152。  new window
11.梁朝雲、陳佳珩、許育齡(2008)。中文維基百科管理員參與動機與工作型態之研究。教育資料與圖書館學，46(1)，81-109。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.鄭晉昌(2004)。跨組織學習之知識管理活動。游於藝雙月刊 tw/09_DEVELOP/09_05_monthly/number46/46-3-2.asp?version=46，46。  延伸查詢new window
13.Fowler, C.、Mayes, J.(1999)。Learning Relationships From Theory to Design。Association for Learning Technology Journal，7(3)，6-16。  new window
14.Hara, N.、Schwen, T. M.(2006)。Communities of Practice in Workplaces: Learning as A Naturally Occurring Event。Performance Improvement Quarterly，19(2)，93-114。  new window
15.Hildreth, P.、Kimble, C.、Wright, P.(2000)。Communities of Practice in the Distributed International Environment。Journal of Knowledge Management，4(1)，27-38。  new window
16.Ardichvill, A.、Page, V.、Wentling, T.,(2003)。Motivation and Barriers to Participation in Virtual Knowledge-sharing Commutines of Practice。Journal of Knowledge Management，7(1)，64-77。  new window
17.Lesser, E. L.、Storck, J.(2001)。Communities of Practice and Organizatilnal Performance。IBM Systems Journal，40(4)，831-841。  new window
18.McDermott, R.(2000)。Knowing in Community: 10 Critical Success Factors in Building Communities of Practice。IHRIM Journal，4(1)，19-26。  new window
19.McDermott, R.(2004)。How to Avoid A Mid-life Crisis in Your CoPs: Uncovering Six Keys to Sustaining Communities。Knowledge Management Review，7(2)，12-13。  new window
20.Babajanian, B. V.(2008)。Social Capital and Community Participation in Post-soviet Armenia: Implications for Policy and Practice。Europe-Asia Studies，60(8)，1299-1319。  new window
21.Bontis, N.(2002)。The Rising Star of the Chief Knowledge Officer。Ivey Business Journal，66(4)，20-25。  new window
22.Bos, N.、Zimmerman, A.、Olson, J.、Yew, J.、Yerkie, J.、Dahl, E.、Olson, G.,(2007)。From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories。Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication，12(2)，652-672。  new window
23.Desouza, K. C.、Raider, J. J.(2006)。Cutting Corners: CKOs and Knowledge Management。Business Process Management Journal，12(2)，129-134。  new window
24.Ellis, D.、Oldridge, R.、Vasconcelos, A.,(2004)。Community and Virtual Community。Annual Review of Information Science and Technology，38，145-186。  new window
25.Fontaine, M.(2001)。Keeping Communities of Practice Afloat: Understanding and Fostering Roles in Communities。Knowledge Management Review，4(4)，16-21。  new window
26.O'Donnel, D.、Porter, G.、McGuire, D.、Garavan, T. N.、Heffernan, M.、Cleary, P.(2003)。Creating Intellectual Capital: A Habermasian Community of Practice (CoP) Introduction。Journal of European Industrial Training，27(2-4)，80-87。  new window
27.O'Donnell, V. L.、Tobbell, J.(2007)。The Transition of Adult Students to Higher Education: Legitimate Peripheral Participation in a Community of Practice?。Adult Education Quarterly，57(4)，312-328。  new window
28.McPherson, T.、Fontane, P.(2010)。Patient-centered Care in the Community-based Compounding Practice Setting。Journal of the American Pharmacists Association，50(1)，1-44。  new window
29.Murray, S.、Silver, I.、Patel, D.、Dupuis, M.、Hayes, S.、Davis, D.(2008)。Community Group Practices in Canada: Are They Ready to Reform Their Practice?。Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions，28(2)，73-78。  new window
30.Nett, B.(2008)。A Community of Practice among Tutors Enabling Student Participation in A Seminar Preparation。Computer-supported Collaborative Learning，3(1)，53-67。  new window
31.Rohde, M.、Stahl, G.、Wulf, V.(2007)。Introduction to the Special Issue on Computer Support for Learning Communities。Behaviour & Information Technology，26(1)，1–3。  new window
32.Ruuska, I.、Vartiainen, M.(2005)。Charactristics of Knowledge Sharing Communities in Project Organizations。International Journal of Project Management，23，374-379。  new window
33.Tarmizi, H.、Vreede, G.-J. d.、Zigurs, I.(2007)。Leadership Challenges in Communities of Practice: Supporting Facilitators via Design and Technology。International Journal of e-Collaboration，3(1)，18-39。  new window
會議論文
1.陳昱雯、鄭琇蓉、王思峰(2002)。由AAR 到實務社群--國內企業之應用探討。2002建立學習型組織行動研討會，羽白國際管理顧問公司 。  延伸查詢new window
2.吳瓊恩、曾德宜、邱志銘(2006)。公部門跨組織間知識管理活動之研究：以NICI國際資訊通信發展小組為例。台北。  延伸查詢new window
3.Pawlowski, S. D.、Robey, D.、Raven, A.(2000)。Supporting Shared Information Systems: Boundary Objects, Communities, and Brokering。Brisbane, Australia。329-338。  new window
學位論文
1.陳世宗(2004)。實踐團體中社會資本對組織績效之中介影響(碩士論文)。國立清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃丞亨(2003)。企業運用CoP 發展人力資本之研究—以資訊電子產業4 家公司為例。中國文化大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
3.Yi, J. Q.(2000)。Supporting Business by Facilitating Organizational Learning and Knowledge Creation in the MOT Community of Practice。  new window
4.Allen, S.(2003)。No Formal Training Required-how an Informal Community of Practice Helps Its Members Improve Their Individual Performance。  new window
圖書
1.Cross, R.、Parker, A.(2004)。The Hidden Power of Social Networks。Boston：Harvard Business School Press。  new window
2.Drucker, Peter F.、張玉文、林季蓉、林佳蓉(2001)。知識工作者必備手冊。臺北：天下遠見出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.Wenger, E.(1998)。Communities at practice: Learning, meaning, and identity。England：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Hagel, John III、Armstrong, Arthur G.(1997)。Net Gain: Expanding Markets Through Virtual Communities。Harvard Business School Press。  new window
5.勤業管理顧問公司、劉京偉(2000)。知識管理的第一本書：運用知識管理提升企業核心能力。臺北市：商周。  延伸查詢new window
6.林生傳(1994)。教育心理學。台北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
7.Wenger, Etienne(1998)。Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity。Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Nonaka, Ikujiro、Takeuchi, Hirotaka(1995)。The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation。Oxford University Press。  new window
9.Lave, Jean、Wenger, Etienne(1991)。Situated learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Senge, Peter M.、郭進隆(1994)。第五項修練：學習型組織的藝術與實務。天下文化。  延伸查詢new window
11.Wenger, Etienne C.、McDermott, Richard、Snyder, William M.(2002)。Cultivating Communities of Practice。Boston：Harvard Business School Press。  new window
12.Gibson, C. B.、Manuel, J. A.(2003)。Building Trust: Effective Multicultural Communication Processes in Virtual Teams。Virtual Teams that Work。San Francisco, CA。  new window
其他
1.經濟部工業局(n.d.)。知識管理整合服務資訊網，http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/kmpp/Info/about.aspx。  延伸查詢new window
2.Lieb, S.(1991)。Principles of Adult Learning，http://www.wcwts.wisc.edu/mandatedreporter/adult_learning.pdf。  new window
3.Smith, P.，Barty, K.，Stacey, E.(2005)。Limitations of an Established Community of Practice in Developing Online Innovation，Adelaide。  new window
4.Brown, J. S.，Gray, E. S.(1995)。The people are the company: How to build your company around your people，http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/01/people.html。  new window
5.Trayner, B.，Smith, J. D.，Bettoni, M.(2006)。Participation in International Virtual Learning Communities A Social Learning Perspective，http://www.cpsquare.org/News/archives/Webist_Setubal_Final.pdf。  new window
6.Wenger(n.d.)。Cultivating a Community of Practice: A Quick Start-up Guide，http://www.ewenger.com/theory/start-up_guide_PDF.pdf。  new window
圖書論文
1.吳明烈(2001)。終身學習時代的知識管理。知識社會與成人教育。師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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