近年來以國家層級為研究對象之創新系統受到重視，國家創新系統之運作活動多元且最終表現於一國經濟成果。有別於以往傳統一階段效率分析，本研究應用二階段資料包絡法評估國家創新系統之技術「創新效率」及其擴散之「經濟效率」，研究對象包含我國及OECD等全球30個國家。研究結果發現具創新效率之國家不一定具有經濟效率；七成以上國家的創新效率處於規模報酬遞增，宜增加其資源投入擴大創新規模；但經濟效率多處於規模報酬遞減，顯示擴散階段之資源投入應以質的提昇取代量的增加，亦即應重視知識技術如科學期刊及專利等的產出品質。就區域別而言，北美之創新效率表現最佳，歐洲為經濟效率較佳，亞洲在創新及經濟效率上具追趕發展潛力。最後，研究發現影響創新效率最重要之因素為研發人員數，影響經濟效率最重要之因素為科學期刊篇數。

In recent years, research on systems of innovation about national-level study subject has attracted considerable attention. However, the operation of national innovation system is multi-dimensional and ultimately shows the results on national economic performance. The difference of this study with the previous traditional one-stage analysis is to utilize a two-stage data envelopment analysis to measure the innovative efficiency of new knowledge production fostered by national innovation systems and the economic efficiency of economic achievements converted from the spread of new knowledge. Our study subjects included 30 countries, including Taiwan and OECD countries. Our study results show that countries with excellent innovative efficiency did not necessarily display superior economic efficiency. Secondly, as for economies of scale, more than 70% of the countries retained increasing returns to scale (IRS) at the first stage, so they should increase the input of resources to expand the scale. Nonetheless, more than 70% of the countries incurred decreasing returns to scale (DRS) at the second stage. As a result, they are suggested to focus on the quality of scientific journals and patents instead of on the increase in quantity. Third, with respect to the regional efficiency analysis, study results show that North America has better innovative efficiency and Europe has better economic efficiency, while Asia excelled in both. Finally, there are two important findings from Sensitivity analysis that the most important factor of innovative efficiency is the number of researchers, while the most important factor of economic efficiency is the number of scientific journal papers.