在中國社會的轉型過程中，數量龐大的群體性衝突成為中國政府的最大挑戰和威脅。在強能力非民主的政權體制下，中國城市社區中的群體性衝突是如何處理和解決的？國家對社區衝突的干預程度有多大？對不同程度的衝突解決方式是否一樣？若不同，存在哪些差異？本文試圖通過對上海社區群體性糾紛的經驗研究來回答以上問題。研究發現，嚴重的衝突更多使用強制的方式來解 決；當衝突嚴重程度開始減弱，變為中度時，解決方式則更關注人的感受，強制與妥協結合是較多採用的方式；對於一般衝突，則希望在解決矛盾的同時盡力維持和恢復人際之間的關係，達到問題解決的雙贏局面。特別地，當衝突與政府有密切關係時，政府會大大增加對衝突處理的干預程度和偏向採取強制的方式解決問題；而對與政府無關的普通糾紛則放權給社會組織來處理。

During the social transformation in China, large number of collective conflicts becomes the biggest challenge and threat to the Party state. In a strong and undemocratic state, how are the collective conflicts managed and resolved? To what degree does the government intervene in community conflicts settlement? Is there any variation in the way of resolution among different levels of conflicts? Based on the empirical study in Shanghai communities, this study shows that the severe collective conflicts would be dealt with by forcing; the middle level collective conflicts or when the conflict’s intensity begins to decrease, it would be managed in ways concerning more for people, forcing and compromising are preferred; the common level collective conflicts will be managed by problem solving, aiming at maintaining and recovering interpersonal relationships in the community. Particularly, when the government is involved in the conflicts, more chances for the government to intervene in the mediation process and use repression to solve the problem; while for common conflicts which have nothing to do with the government, mediation institutions would have more freedom to manage and resolve them independently.