清末民初，中華民國的創建者--孫中山先生，他洞察到：相對於工業化浪潮席捲的西方，中國貧弱的根由在於落後的生產力。因此，在一戰後，他寄望於交戰的各國，能將財力、人力及物力轉移到中國，以發展中國的實業；為此，他編定了利用龐大外資全面推進中國經濟建設的《實業計畫》。今日，正逢中華民國建國百年之際，我們重新審視之，除了緬懷孫先生的真知灼見外，更重要的是探究《實業計畫》對日後「中國」的基礎建設產生的深遠影響。以下，本文先就《實業計畫》提出的時空背景、總體目標、建設思路、總體佈局與六大計畫加以系統地簡要梳理；依此，進而論述《實業計畫》與日後中國基礎建設之間的聯繫。

Waves of Industrialization spread over western world in the end of 19th and in the beginning of 20th century, when main industries in under-developed China were still dominated by agriculture and handicraft. Sun Yat-Sen, pioneer of China's revolution, believed that the main reason of China's poverty and weakness is the backward productivity. Therefore, he made a grand proposal of "The International Development of China" in order to develope China's economic construction all over by using foreign capital. He planned systematically routes of China's industrialization and strategy for development. Both the content of this plan, and its implementation have greatly influenced China's infrastructure construction since the 1920s.