儘管原住民族權利的恢復與保護已經是國際社會的主流共識，但日本政府在前一個世紀裡，始終漠視日本國內唯一的原住民族──阿伊努民族的各種固有權利。這個狀況一直到二風谷判決（1997）出現之後才出現重大的轉變。札幌地方法院在此判決中，首度承認了阿伊努族確實是原住民族，並以此引申出：日本政府應該遵從日本憲法以及兩大國際人權公約的規定，恢復並積極保障阿伊努民族的各項權利。本文除了將追溯二風谷阿伊努族的人權奮鬥史，並從憲法／國際 人權法角度評析檢討本判決以及判決之後日本政府十餘年來的作為，最後再與台灣的原住民族權利狀況兩相比較，以試圖尋索出足以為我國借鏡之模式。

Despiting of the worldwide current of recovering the humanrights for the indigenous people, Japanese government continuingly neglected the Ainu People`s rights legally and culturally during the past century. However, the Nibutani Dam Decision(1997) made the situation all the differences. In this case, the Sapporo District Court pointed out that the Ainu People is an undoubtful indigenous people and their humanrights should be protected and raised by the government under the Constitution of Japan and the Interbational CovenantA/B. In this paper I will trace the humanrights-fighting history of Ainu People and also make some arguments over Nibutani Dam Decision, in order to figure out some useful paragons Taiwan could learn from.