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引文資料
題名:
Church as "Women's Community": The Feminization of Protestantism in Contemporary China
書刊名:
考古人類學刊
作者:
高晨揚
作者(外文):
Kao, Chen-yang
出版日期:
2013
卷期:
78
頁次:
頁107-140
主題關鍵詞:
中國基督教
;
婦女群體
;
女性化
;
性別關係
;
文化大革命
;
Protestantism in China
;
Women's community
;
Feminization
;
Gender relation
;
The Cultural Revolution
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(
1
) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:20
本文探討中國基督新教教會中具高比例的婦女所引發之「女性化」之現象與特色。改革開放以來中國基督教在鄉鎮的快速成長中,婦女佔了明顯的多數。然而,至目前為止幾乎沒有已出版的研究對此現象提出解釋或討論。依據福建平潭縣的田野調查資料,本文指出教會內婦女形成緊密的互助群體,參與各項日常的宗教與社會活動,展現出吳爾芙(Margery Wolf)在研究漢人農村婦女社會空間時所提出「婦女群體」的特色。基督教婦女將此種傳統婦女社會空間挪為己用並予以神聖化,扭轉傳統性別關係,以獲得對抗父權秩序的轉化性力量。對男性而言,加入教會則意味著加入一個以婦女的關切與利益為主導的群體,這使男人對深入參與基督教活動望而卻步。本文進而將此基督教婦女群體的起源追溯至中國基督教在文化大革命時期的轉變。在文革中,社區性、以男性主導為中心的宗教型態遭受最為嚴厲的摧毀,而以家庭為中心、以婦女為主要參與者的宗教活動得以保存。現今基督教會中的婦女群體可說是文革時秘密家庭聚會的延續。
以文找文
This paper explores the feminization of Protestantism in China today. Although the predominant presence of women in Protestant churches is well known by scholars, few researchers have explained and explored this phenomenon. Based on field data from Pingtan, Fujian, this paper indicates that Christian women's social networks and religious activities constitute the vitality of the local Protestant life. They inhabit a social space similar to what Margery Wolf calls the 'women's community'. Sanctifying this social space, Christian women acquire the means to transform traditional gender relations and challenge a patriarchal order. For men, Protestant religious life has become an increasingly female domain irrelevant to their concerns and interests. This article further argues that the women's community had its inceptive stage under the Cultural Revolution when communal, male-dominant religion was harshly repressed, and privatized, women-dominant religion was able to survive. Women's community, therefore, can be seen as a continuation of Protestant underground house groups under the Cultural Revolution.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Cucchiari, Salvatore(1988)。'Adapted for Heaven': Conversion and Culture in Western Sicily。American Ethnologist,15(3),417-441。
2.
Cucchiari, Salvatore(1990)。Between Shame and Sanctification: Patriarchy and its Transformation in Sicilian Pentecostalism。American Ethnologist,17(4),687-707。
3.
Kao, Chen-Yang(2009)。The Cultural Revolution and the Emergence of Pentecostal-style Protestantism in China。Journal of Contemporary Religion,24(2),171-188。
4.
Ozorak, Elizabeth Weiss(1996)。The Power, but not the Glory: How Women Empower themselves through Religion。Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,35(1),17-29。
5.
Thompson, Edward. H.(1991)。Beneath and Status Characteristic: Gender Variations in Religiousness。Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,30(4),381-394。
6.
Walter, Tony、Davie, Grace(1998)。The Religiosity of Women in the Modern West。British Journal of Sociology,49(4),640-660。
7.
Yang, Fenggang(2006)。The Red, Black, and Gray Markets of Religions in China。The Sociological Quarterly,47,93-122。
會議論文
1.
Guo, Changgang(2007)。Christianity and Chinese Society: A religious vitality perspective。Paper presented at the biannual conference of International Society for the Sociology of Religion 29th Conference,(會議日期: July 24)。Leipzig。
2.
Liu, Liping(2007)。A Comparative Study of Buddhist and Christian Experiences in China。Annual Conference of British Association for the Study of Religion。Edinburgh。
學位論文
1.
Dunch, Ryan F.(1996)。Piety, Patriotism, Progress: Chinese Protestants in Fuzhou Society and the Making of a Modern China, 1857-1927(博士論文)。Yale University。
2.
Griffith, R. Marie(1997)。God's Daughters: Evangelical Women and the Power of Submission(-),Berkeley, USA。
圖書
1.
Ammerman, Nancy Tatom(1987)。Bible Believers: Fundamentalists in the Modern World。New Brunswick:London:Rutgers University Press:Rutgers University Press。
2.
Brasher, Brenda E.(1998)。Godly Women: Fundamentalism and Female Power。New Brunswick:London:Rutgers University Press:Rutgers University Press。
3.
Brown, Callum(2001)。The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation 1800-2000。New York:Routledge。
4.
Brusco, Elizabeth E.(1995)。Formation of Machismo: Evangelical Conversion and Gender in Colombia。Austin:University of Texas Press。
5.
Carlson, Ellsworth C.(1974)。The Foochow Missionaries, 1847-1880。Cambridge:Esst Asian Research Center, Harvard University。
6.
Douglas, Ann(1988)。The Feminization of American Culture。New York:Anchor。
7.
Lacy, Walter N.(1948)。A Hundred Years of China Methodism。New York:Abingdon-Cokesbury Press。
8.
Li, Xia(2010)。娘家與婆家:華北農村婦女的生活空間和後台權力。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
延伸查詢
9.
Martin, Bernice(2003)。The Pentecostal Gender Paradox: A Cautionary Tale for the Sociology of Religion。The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion。Malden:Oxford,:Melbourne:Berlin:Blackwell:Blackwell:Blackwell:Blackwell。
10.
Woodhead, Linda(2003)。Feminism and the Sociology of Religion: From Gender-blindness to Gendered Difference。The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion。Malden:Oxford:Melbourne:Berlin:Blackwell:Blackwell:Blackwell:Blackwell。
11.
Woodhead, Linda(2004)。Introduction to Christianity。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
12.
Woodhead, Linda(2007)。Gender Differences in Religious Practice and Significance。The Sage Handbook of the Sociology of Religion。Los Angeles:London:New Delhi:Singapore:Sage:Sage:Sage:Sage。
13.
Woodhead, Linda(2007)。Sex and Secularization。Queer Theology: Rethinking the Western Body。Oxford:Malden:Blackwell:Blackwell。
14.
Yao, Xinzhong、Badham, Paul(2007)。Religious Experience in Contemporary China。Cardiff:University of Wales Press。
15.
Lee, Joseph Tse-Hei(2003)。The Bible and the Gun: Christianity in South China, 1860-1900。Routledge。
16.
Hunter, Alan、Chan, Kim-Kwong(1993)。Protestantism in Contemporary China。Cambridge University Press。
17.
Sered, Susan Starr(1994)。Priestess Mother, Sacred Sister: Religion Dominated by Women。Oxford:New York:Oxford University Press。
18.
Jordan, David K.(1972)。Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors: The Folk Religion of a Taiwanese Village。University of California Press。
19.
Wolf, Margery(1972)。Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan。Stanford, California:Stanford University Press。
20.
Lambert, Tony(1999)。China's Christian Millions: The Costly Revival。London:Monarch Books。
其他
1.
ARDA(2007)。The Association of Religion Data Archives,http://www.thearda.com/, 20130409。
圖書論文
1.
Harrell, Stevan C.(1986)。Men, Women, and Ghosts in Taiwanese Folk Religion。Gender and Religion: On the Complexity of Symbols。Boston:Beacon Press。
2.
Wolf, Margery(1974)。Chinese women: old skills in a new context。Woman, Culture and Society。Stanford, Calif:Stanford University Press。
3.
Dunch, Ryan F.(2001)。Protestant Christianity in China Today: Fragile, Fragmented, Flourishing。China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future。Armonk, NY:ME Sharp。
4.
Ahern, Emily Martin(1975)。The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women。Women in Chinese Society。Stanford, California:Stanford University Press。
5.
Potter, Jack M.(1974)。Cantonese Shamanism。Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society。Stanford, Calif:Stanford University Press。
6.
Wolf, Arthur P.(1974)。Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors。Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society。Stanford University Press。
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