Government has always overlooked the prevention and relief of insular disasters. The local government can only regulate developments or plan disaster relief in accordance with the laws and regulations established by central government. Notably, the land and resource limitations and other island unique geographic characteristics mean the types and scales of insular disaster differ markedly on small islands compared to continental areas or large islands such as Taiwan. Inadequate identification of disaster type or scale may not only cause misallocation of precious island relief resources but may also cause loss of life due to ineffective rescue efforts. This research aims to identify the major insular disasters on Kinmen, rank their importance and explore how the scale of disasters differs between small islands and large islands. Potential disasters affecting Kinmen are studied to rank their importance according to their casualties, financial losses, and occurrence frequency. The results show that in terms of severity, disasters affecting Kinmen follow the ranking: typhoon, maritime disaster, major fire, fog, land mine and explosive accident, air disaster, power plant incident, drought, earthquake, and seashore pollution. Another topic of this paper is to establish a scale for translating the severity of disasters between small and large islands. Scale transformation mainly rests on the assumption that the impacts of a disaster on two differently sized islands are equivalent when equal numbers of residents are affected. Once two adjacent villages are affected by a disaster, the number of residents affected would be the same, regardless of the size of the islands on which the villages are located. The average minimum distance between two adjacent villages thus is used to assess the equivalent sizes of two disasters affecting two different islands. Fractal analysis and the box counting method are employed to assess the distribution of the villages in Kinmen and Taiwan respectively. The average minimum distances between two adjacent villages on the two islands were calculated using GIS software and it was found that the environmental impact of a linear (area) form disaster on Kinmen is 2.64 (7) times that on Taiwan. This research clearly demonstrates that disasters with the same size in different islands have different environmental impacts on those islands. Therefore adequate disaster scale identification for small islands needs to be instituted to avoid disproportional destruction of island environments.