“The Journey of Guangxu Emperorin Changan” is a valuable and very rare Hunan libretto which emerged in the late Ching dynasty. This libretto described the tale of Guangxu Emperor seeking for his concubines and searching for the talented. However, there are some inconsistency on the images of Guangxu Emperorfrom the history we know nowadays. The paper put great efforts on researching the time and originsof this libretto as well as discussed the backgrounds of the contents. In consequence, the libretto was conceivably based on folk legends during 1886-1889, and it not only reflected the emotions, concepts, believes and general thinking among the folks, but also conserved precious records of political and social aspects which was neglected by most historical books.