Agriculture plays a strategic role in the process of economic development of a country. More mountains with less plain to cultivate and high population density result in high demands for hillside development in Taiwan. However, these hillside development could increace the vulnerability and be the high risk region of landside under extereme precipitation. This study used supervised classification to monitor long-term landuse change of Taimali in Taitung based on SPOT satellite images in 1994, 2009 and 2017. We also used historical disaster events during 2005-2016 to evaluate the effects of landuse and land cover on disaster. The results showed that the area of agriculture was decreased during 1994-2009 and 2009-2017, while the area of bare agriculture and forest were increased. Compared to the landuse in 1994, the extent of agriculture and bare agriculture in 2009 and 2017 were gradually spreaded into the high-elevated hillside with fragamented landscape, which could enhance the habitat fragmentation of forest. The flood-related disasters were majorly located along the river in 2009 and 2017, but the hillside-related disasters were spreaded into the high-elevated hillside and village. Overall, our study showed thatthere still has gap between the development and management in the hillside, and how to make the appropriate rules to manage landuse and land cover in the hillside is important for government to reduce vulnerability and matain sustainability.